On the map, the outer boundaries of different districts of Rajasthan resemble specific objects and creatures: (1) Hanumangarh - chair-like or English 'L' shape. (2) Sikar – Crescent/Bowl shaped shape. (3) Dausa – Bow shaped. (4) Jalore – Like a whale swimming in the sea. Typical shapes of other districts: Rajsamand – like a tilak or water drop on the forehead; Chittorgarh (main part) – horseshoe or caterpillar-like; Karauli – Similar to a duck; Tonk - rhombus-like, which almost looks like a miniature replica of the whole of Rajasthan; Bhilwara – Rectangle; And Dungarpur – irregular triangular. Hence the correct code is A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2.

The geographical boundaries of Rajasthan are very specific. The total land border of the state is 5920 km, of which 1070 km is the international border with Pakistan (Radcliffe Line) and 4850 km is the inter-state border with 5 states (Punjab, Haryana, UP, MP, Gujarat). There are 4 districts forming the border with two states each: (1) Hanumangarh - Punjab and Haryana; (2) Deeg – Haryana and Uttar Pradesh; (3) Dholpur - Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh; (4) Banswara – Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat. Kota and Chittorgarh touch the border with Madhya Pradesh twice; Chittorgarh forms a broken border (Bhansrodgarh is a separate part separated by Bhilwara), while Kota forms an unbroken border. The state has 13 inland districts: Jaipur, Dausa, Tonk, Bundi, Ajmer, Beawar, Balotra, Pali, Didwana-Kuchaman, Nagaur, Jodhpur, Rajsamand and Salumber. Hence all the statements are true. ✓ [Exam-Useful Insight / RPSC Trap Alert]: Statement D is false. As per the administrative reorganization of 41 districts, the total number of inland districts in Rajasthan is 13 (not 22). Hence only statements A, B and C are true.

Todgarh-Ravali Wildlife Sanctuary (area approximately 495.27 km²) is located in the Aravalli Hills in central Rajasthan. It was established in 1983 around the historic Todgarh built by Colonel James Tod. This sanctuary is mainly spread in the triangular marginal hilly area of ​​three districts – Rajsamand, Pali and Ajmer (newly formed Beawar). Here mainly leopard (Baghera), bear, jarakh, jackal, sambar and chausingha are found. Hence option B is the correct answer.

Location of major ancient districts and historical areas of Rajasthan: (1) 'Shivi District' - Chittorgarh and Mewar region; Its capital was Madhyamika (present day city) from where coins of Shivi district have been found (a tehsil of Barmer is also named 'Shiv'). (2) 'Fisheries District' - Jaipur, Dausa, Kotputli-Behror and Alwar areas; Its capital was Viratnagar (Bairath). (3) 'Sapadlaksh' - Chauhan ruled territory of Ajmer, Sambhar and Nagaur; Literally meaning 'a group of 1.25 lakh villages'; The initial capital was Ahichchhatrapur (Nagaur) and later Sambhar. (4) 'Hayahay' - is the ancient historical name of Hadoti region of Kota and Bundi. Apart from this, Shursen district (Bharatpur, Dholpur, Karauli - capital Mathura) and Chandravati (capital of Parmars in Sirohi) are famous historical areas. Hence the correct code is A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3.

Factors controlling the climate of Rajasthan: (1) Subtropical latitudinal position (Tropic of Cancer passes through Banswara-Dungarpur); (2) distance from the sea (continentality) which creates high diurnal and annual temperature variations; (3) The alignment of the Aravalis which is parallel to the Arabian Sea monsoon and is the divider for the Bay of Bengal; (4) Relief asymmetry (orographic rainfall in Mount Abu is 150 cm whereas in the western sandy plains rainfall is less than 25 cm). Hence all the statements are true. ✓ [Exam-Useful Insight / RPSC Trap Alert]: Statement C is false. The south-west to north-east alignment of the Aravali ranges is parallel to the "Arabian Sea branch" of the south-west monsoon (through which the winds pass unobstructed), and not the "Bay of Bengal branch". Hence only statements A, B and D are true.

Kumbhalgarh Wildlife Sanctuary is an extremely important biodiversity hotspot spread over the Rajsamand, Pali and Udaipur districts of the Southern Aravali. The historical Kumbhalgarh Fort is situated amidst its dense forests and the 1444 pillared four-faced Jain temple of Ranakpur towards Pali is situated. This sanctuary is considered to be the main place for natural conservation and breeding of wolves in India. Statement D is false because it is located in mountain slopes and valleys, not in sandy desert. Hence only A, B and C are correct.

The passes of Central and Southern Aravalli are famous as historical traffic and strategic routes of Rajasthan. Bar Pass facilitates transportation between Beawar and Pali on the National Highway, while Shivpur Ghat and Parveriya Pass are located in Beawar region. Desuri Naal and Someshwar Naal connect the Desuri area of ​​Pali district with Mewar (Rajsamand/Kumbhalgarh). Hathi Pass and Debari Pass are the major passes of Udaipur district, where Debari has been the historical gateway to Mewar. Statement D is false because Kamli Ghat Pass is a mountain pass located on the border of Rajsamand and Pali, not in the desert Jaisalmer-Barmer.

Rajasthan is surrounded by 5 neighboring states (Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat). Madhya Pradesh shares 10 districts of the state and forms a border of 1600 km; In this, the border of Jhalawar seems to be the longest and that of Bhilwara is the shortest. Dholpur district meets both UP and MP and Banswara district meets both MP and Gujarat. There are four border districts (Sriganganagar, Bikaner, Jaisalmer, Barmer) located on the international border, of which Jaisalmer has the maximum extent (464 km) and Bikaner has the least extent (168 km). Hence all four statements are completely true. ✓ [Exam-Useful Insight / RPSC Trap Alert]: Statement D is false. Jhalawar forms the longest (520 km) border with Madhya Pradesh, while Bhilwara forms the shortest border (only 16 km). In the alternative both have been reversed. Hence only statements A, B and C are true.

Great Boundary Fault (GBF) is the most prominent tectonic structural fault line of Rajasthan. It is a huge thrust fault located at the meeting point of the ancient rock group of Aravalli and Vindhyan sandstone rock group. It extends about 800 km in length to the districts of Chittorgarh (Begun, Bengu), Bhilwara (Mandalgarh, Bichor), Bundi (Sattur), Sawai Madhopur, Karauli (Sapotra, Masalpur) and Dholpur. It is the result of tectonic stresses extending from peninsular India to the sub-Himalayan forearc trough. It deeply affects the area's topography, mineral resources, groundwater flow and direction of river valleys. Statement D is false because it is located on the Aravalli-Vindhya frontier in south-eastern Rajasthan, not in the Western Desert. Hence only A, B and C are correct.

The total length of the Indo-Pak border (Radcliffe Line) in Rajasthan, determined by Sir Cyril John Radcliffe on 17 August 1947, is 1070 km (from Hindumalkot, Sriganganagar to Bakhasar, Shahgarh, Barmer). This is 18.07% of the total limit of the state. 5 districts of Rajasthan (Sriganganagar, Bikaner, Phalodi, Jaisalmer, Barmer) are located on the border. On the other hand, a total of 9 districts of Pakistan share border with Rajasthan, divided into two provinces: (1) Punjab Province (3 districts): Bahawalnagar (Sriganganagar and Bikaner border), Bahawalpur (Bikaner and Jaisalmer border), and Rahimyar Khan (Jaisalmer border). (2) Sindh Province (6 districts): Ghotki, Sukkur, Khairpur, Sanghar, Umerkot and Tharparkar (Barmer border). Hence all four statements are true. ✓ [Exam-Useful Insight / RPSC Trap Alert]: Statement D is false. After the official reorganization of 41 districts on 30 December 2024, only 5 districts (Sriganganagar, Bikaner, Phalodi, Jaisalmer, Barmer) are located on the International Radcliffe Line; Anupgarh and Sanchaur have again been included in Ganganagar and Jalore. Hence only statements A, B and C are true.

Rajasthan's interstate border with 5 neighboring states extends over a length of 4850 km. Among the districts situated on this border, Jhalawar district forms the longest inter-state border with Madhya Pradesh of about 520 kilometers, which is surrounded by the territory of Madhya Pradesh on three sides. In contrast, Barmer district shares the shortest inter-state border with Gujarat state at just 14 kilometers (Barmer shares both international and intra-state borders). Similarly, Sriganganagar also forms both inter-state borders with Punjab and international borders with Pakistan. Bhilwara district forms the shortest border with Madhya Pradesh (about 16 km). On the international border, the longest border is Jaisalmer (464 km) and the shortest border is Phalodi/Bikaner. Hence option A is the correct answer.

Developed Rajasthan @2047 Vision: Its overall resolution is to make Rajasthan the crowning and prosperous state of the country by basin-wise harvesting of water resources of the state, 1500 km Eastern Rajasthan Canal Project (PKC-ERCP), 100% micro irrigation, self-reliance in solar-wind energy, eco-friendly value addition of minerals, upliftment of tribal and deprived sections, and revival of Aravali and Thar ecology. Hence all four statements are true. ✓ [Exam-Useful Insights / RPSC Trap Alert]: Statement B is false because it contains an error in the given facts. The real fact is that the target of Clean Energy Policy 2024 is 125 GW and not 25 GW. Hence, the correct answer is option (B) which contains only true statements.

Desertification is the most serious ecological challenge of Rajasthan: (1) 'March of the Desert': The encroachment of the Thar Desert towards the fertile plains of Haryana, Punjab, Delhi and western UP through the dissected passes of Aravali (e.g. Sambhar Gap) by shifting sand stupas is called 'March of the Desert'. Its direction is generally from south-west to north-east. (2) Barkhan mounds cover vegetation and agricultural land due to their rapid mobility. (3) CAZRI (1959) and AFRI (AFRI - 1988) have prepared successful models of sand dune fixation (stupa stabilization) by shelter belts of native species (Khejri, Rohida, Kumth, Israeli Acacia - Acacia tortilis) and Sevan grass. (4) Under the Bone Challenge in COP-14 (UNCCD COP-14, 2019), a national resolution has been taken by the Government of India for Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN) of 26 million hectares of land by 2030, in which Rajasthan's Aravali Green Wall Project is playing a major role. Hence all four statements are completely true. ✓ [Exam-Useful Insights / RPSC Trap Alert]: Statement B is false because it contains an error in the given facts. The actual fact is that the highest position is recorded and not the lowest. Hence, the correct answer is option (C) which contains only true statements.

The sedimentary channels of the ancient lost Saraswati river valley among the geological formations in the dry desert of western Rajasthan are renewable sources of fresh water: (1) First Jalpatti (Lathi Series): There is a geological vein of fresh water located in the sedimentary rocks over a length of about 60 kilometers from Pokaran to Mohangarh in Jaisalmer district. Chandan tube well is situated here, which is called 'Thar Ka Ghada' and on this strip, highly nutritious 'Sevan' (Lilan) grass grows, which is the main refuge of the state bird Godavan. (2) Second Water Belt: A wide geological freshwater belt has been identified from Baytu to Jalore/Sanchor in Barmer/Balotra district, where high quality drinking water and limited irrigation water is available through deep tube wells. Hence option D is the correct answer.

Lathi Series is a 60 km long sedimentary underground water channel extending from Pokaran to Mohangarh in Jaisalmer, which is the paleochannel of the ancient Saraswati River. Chandan tube well is situated here which is called 'Thar Ka Ghada'. Above this belt, rich pastures of protein-rich 'Seven' (Lasiurus scindicus) grass are found. Recent hydro-geological studies have confirmed the second underground aquifer between Baytu (Balotra) and Sanchore. Hence all the statements are true.

Due to the presence of micaic rocks and internal drainage in the sand stupa-free and dry areas of the Thar Desert, salty, marshy and infertile troughs are formed in the lowlands, which are locally called 'Rann' or 'Tat'. District wise updated classification of major run areas: (1) Churu - Talchhapar (Black Deer Sanctuary) and Padihara Run; (2) Phalodi – Baap Run and Phalodi Run; (3) Jaisalmer – Pokaran Run and Bhakri Run; (4) Balotra - Thob Run (the largest saline trough of the state) and Pachpadra Run; (5) Barmer – Redana Run; and (6) Jalore/Sanchor – Rann of Nehar (extension of the Gulf of Kutch). Hence all four statements are true. ✓ [Exam-Useful Insights / RPSC Trap Alert]: Statement D is false because there is an error in the given facts. The actual fact is that it is located in Barmer district and not in Dholpur. Hence, the correct answer is option (B) which contains only true statements.

Rajasthan State Climate Change Policy 2023: Converges the State Forest Policy, Solar Energy Policy and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to make the state resilient to climate risks. Conservation of Oran/Gochar in Thar, Green Wall in Aravalli, conservation of water bodies (Sambhar/Keoladev) and promotion of drought-resistant crops with less water are its major components. Hence all the statements are true.

ISRO Desertification Atlas: According to Space Applications Center (SAC/ISRO), 67% of Rajasthan is degraded (wind erosion 44.4%, vegetation erosion 11%, water erosion 6.8%, salinity 2.7%). Under the LDN 2030 targets of UNCCD, windproof tree belts (Shelterbelts), planting of desert grasses (Sevan, Dhaman) and sand stupa stabilization are being done by Kajri and Afri. Hence all the statements are true.

Star Dunes are distinctive star-shaped formations formed due to multi-directional movement of wind and swirling flow. These stupas have many arms coming out like stars in different directions and their height generally ranges from 10 to 25 meters. Tara Baluka Stupas in Rajasthan are mainly found in Mohangarh and Pokaran areas of Jaisalmer district and Suratgarh area of ​​Sriganganagar district. Apart from this, small pockets of them are also found around Rawatsar (Hanumangarh). Churu and Sikar have abundance of Barkhan Stupas, while Siwana and Balotra have hilly and sandy dunes.

Description of the major plateaus of Aravali: (1) Oriya Plateau is the highest plateau of the state situated at an altitude of 1360 m in Mount Abu; (2) Bhorat Plateau is 1225 meters high which is the main watershed of Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal drainage between Kumbhalgarh to Gogunda; (3) Lasadiya Plateau is a highly eroded dissected plateau spread in Salumber district to the east of Jaisamand Lake; (4) Mesa Plateau (620 meters) is situated in Chittorgarh on which Chittorgarh Fort is built. Hence the correct combination is A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1.

The high mountain valley area situated between Jarga Mountain (1431 m) and Raga Mountain under Udaipur district in Southern Aravalli is called 'Deshharo'. This area is famous by this name because of its unique topography and being covered with lush green natural vegetation throughout the year. 'Bhorat Plateau' is situated between Kumbhalgarh (Rajsamand) and Gogunda (Udaipur). 'Lasadiya Plateau' is a highly eroded and dissected plateau situated to the east of Jaisamand Lake which now falls in Salumber district. 'Uppermal Plateau' is a rocky plateau situated between Bijolia (Bhilwara) to Bhainsrodgarh (Chittorgarh).

The Mesa plateau is 620 meters high and the historical fort of Chittorgarh is built on this plateau near the confluence of Bedach and Gambhiri rivers. The Lasadiya Plateau is a highly eroded and dissected plateau located east of Jaisamand Lake, which after administrative reorganization now comes under Salumber district. The Uppermal Plateau is a rocky and fertile plateau extending between Bijolia (Bhilwara) to Bhainsrodgarh (Chittorgarh). Bijasan plateau is situated in Mandalgarh region of Bhilwara district. This plateau relief displays the landform of the meeting point of Vindhya and Aravali.

Ecological Vegetation Distribution: Sevan grass (Lathi series) is the main nutritious food of Rathi and Tharparkar cattle in Thar Desert; Bamboo (green gold of tribals) and Mahua (Kalpavriksha) in Aravalli; In the eastern plains, perfumes and cooler curtains are made from the roots of khus grass; In Hadoti, tendu leaves are collected by the State Forest Development Corporation and supplied to the beedi industry. Hence all four statements are true. ✓ [Exam-Useful Insights / RPSC Trap Alert]: Statement C is false because there is an error in the given fact. The actual fact is that it belongs to the Eastern region and not to the Western one. Hence, the correct answer is option (C) which contains only true statements.

Valara agriculture (shifting/cutting and burning): prevalent among Bhil and Garasia tribes. Two forms depending on topography: (1) 'Chimata' (severe erosion factors) on hill slopes; (2) 'Dajia' in the plain forests. For environmental protection and forest protection, the government is banning it and giving permanent farming and lease rights to the tribals. Hence all four statements are true.

According to Alfred Wegener (1912), the northern part of Pangea was called Angara Land and the southern part was called Gondwana Land. The territory of Rajasthan, being a part of Peninsular India, represents Gondwana Land (Aravalli and Hadoti Plateau) and being a part of the vast plain of the north, it represents the Tethys Sea (Thar Desert and Eastern Plains). There is no remains of Angara Land in Rajasthan. Direct evidence of the presence of the Tethys Sea: salt water lakes (Sambhar, Pachpadra), Akal Wood Fossil Park (wood fossils 180 million years old), and sedimentary deposits of hydrocarbons and gypsum-limestone. Hence all the statements are true. ✓ [Exam-Useful Insights / RPSC Trap Alert]: Statement C is false because there is an error in the given fact. The actual fact is that it belongs to the Eastern region and not to the Western one. Hence, the correct answer is option (A) which contains only true statements.

Major peaks of Aravalli in descending order (height wise): Gurushikhar 1722 m. (Mount Abu, Colonel Tod called 'the peak of the saints'); Ser 1597 m. (Sirohi); Dilwara 1442 m. (Sirohi); Jarga 1431 m. (Udaipur/Rajsamand); Achalgarh 1380 m. (Sirohi); Mount Abu 1295 m; Kumbhalgarh 1224 m. (Rajsamand); Dhonia 1183 m.; Jayaraj 1090 m.; Raghunathgarh 1055 m. (Sikar – highest peak of Northern Aravali); Malkhet 1051 m. (Sikar); Taragarh 873 m. And Nag Pahar 795 m. (Ajmer - Central Aravalli). Hence all the statements are true. ✓ [Exam-Useful Insights / RPSC Trap Alert]: Statement D is false because there is an error in the given facts. The actual fact is that it is located in the northern part and not in the southern. Hence, the correct answer is option (B) which contains only true statements.

The passes located in the Aravalli mountain range (called 'Nal' or 'Ghat' in the local language) provide natural transportation routes between the mountain ranges. 'Pagalya ki Naal' (or Jilwada ki Naal) is located in Rajsamand district which connects Mewar with Marwar. 'Elephant Pass' is situated in Udaipur district. 'Borang Pass' is located in Sirohi district, while 'Bar Pass' is located near Beawar border of Pali district, through which the National Highway passes. Hence the correct match is A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1.

Aravali is the oldest folded mountain range in the world. It is the backbone of the state: (1) Total length 692 km, 550 km in Rajasthan (Khedbrahma Sirohi to Khetri Neem ka Thana); (2) Great watershed (50 cm isobar); (3) controlling desertification; (4) Origin of Banas, Luni and Sabarmati rivers. But due to illegal mining and deforestation, more than 12 wind gaps including Sambhar Gap, Pushkar Gap have widened, due to which the seepage of the desert is moving towards Jaipur, Alwar and Delhi-NCR. Hence all the statements are true. ✓ [Exam-Useful Insights / RPSC Trap Alert]: Statement C is false because there is an error in the given fact. The actual fact is that it belongs to the Eastern region and not to the Western one. Hence, the correct answer is option (C) which contains only true statements.

Sabarmati River System: Originates from the Padarshana hills of Jhadol tehsil of Udaipur. Its drainage in Rajasthan is only 44-45 km, as the main river it flows into Gujarat (Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar). Tributaries: Wakal, Sei, Hathmati, Vetarak, Meshwa, Majam. Water Tunnels: (1) SEI Water Tunnel (6.7 km - opened in August 1977) is the first water tunnel in the state which carries water from Udaipur to Jawai Dam at Pali; (2) Mansi-Wakal Water Tunnel (11.2 km – longest tunnel of Rajasthan) supplies water to Udaipur city and Hindustan Zinc. Hence all the statements are true. ✓ [Exam-Useful Insights / RPSC Trap Alert]: Statement B is false because it contains an error in the given facts. The actual fact is that the Arabian Sea is parallel to the bay and not the Bay of Bengal. Hence, the correct answer is option (D) which contains only true statements.

Salar (Boswellia serrata) forests are found on the upper slopes and rocky peaks of the Aravali ranges. It is spread over the districts of Udaipur, Rajsamand, Chittorgarh, Sirohi, Pali, Ajmer, Jaipur and Alwar. Commercial gum is extracted from the stem of salar. Due to its soft and light wood, it is used in tea boxes, fruit-vegetable packing boxes and matchbox industry. Statement D is false because Salar is a tree of mountain slopes, not of desert sand dunes. Hence only A, B and C are correct.

Hot dry Dhok forests (Dhaunkada): Cover 58% of the forests of Rajasthan. Predominance in Sawai Madhopur (Ranthambore) and Alwar (Sariska). Due to the high density of its wood, it burns slowly and with intense heat, which makes excellent charcoal. Its green/dry leaves are called 'Dhavada Loong' which is a favorite fodder for goats and cattle. Hence all four statements are true. ✓ [Exam-Useful Insights / RPSC Trap Alert]: Statement B is false because it contains an error in the given facts. The actual fact is that it belongs to Hadoti/Kota division and not to Ganganagar. Hence, the correct answer is option (B) which contains only true statements.

Special Wildlife Wealth of Southern Aravalli: Sitamata Sanctuary is famous for flying squirrels (which roost in mahua trees after sunset) and chausingha (hotel); The only bear protected area of ​​the state (Sundamata Bear Conservation Reserve Jalore-Sirohi 2008) and the rare green munia bird are found in Mount Abu. Hence all four statements are true.

Among the narrow mountain passes (naals) of the Aravalis: Bar Pass (on the Beawar-Pali border, NH-25 passes through); Desuri Canal (connects Pali to Rajsamand); Hathiguda Naal (near Kumbhalgarh Fort, famous from strategic point of view); Kamli Ghat Pass is located on the border of Rajsamand and Pali (where the historic meter gauge/heritage train passes), it is not in Jaisalmer-Barmer. Other major passes: Sura Ghat, Shivpur Ghat (Beawar) and Jheelwara/Pagalya Nal (Mewar-Marwar). Hence option D is mismatched.

The Aravalli mountain range is the world's oldest folded mountain range passing through the middle of Rajasthan. The correct descending order of height of its major peaks is as follows: (1) Guru Shikhar (Sirohi) - 1722 m, (2) Ser (Sirohi) - 1597 m, (3) Dilwara (Sirohi) - 1442 m, (4) Jarga (Udaipur) - 1431 m, (5) Achalgarh (Sirohi) - 1380 m, (6) Abu (Sirohi) - 1295 meters, and (7) Kumbhalgarh (Rajsamand) - 1224 meters. Hence, in the given options, the order of Ser (1597 m) > Jarga (1431 m) > Achalgarh (1380 m) > Kumbhalgarh (1224 m) is completely correct.

In physical geography, the broad, gently sloping mountainous plain formed by long-term erosion and deposition of rivers and wind at the foothills of a high mountain range is called 'Piedmont' (Pied = foot/foot, Mont = mountain). The 'Devgarh' area of ​​Rajsamand district on the eastern slopes of the Southern Aravali in Rajasthan is an example of an ideal piedmont plain. This plain is a peneplain made of granite and gneiss rocks, where at some places residual hard hills (Inselbergs) are visible in isolated form. Its general slope is towards the east towards the Banas River basin. Hence option B is the correct answer.

With the aim of restoring the cultural and mythological heritage of the state, the official names of major historical sites were changed by the Government of Rajasthan on 1 March 2026: (1) Mount Abu (Sirohi) was renamed as 'Aburaj' after the mythological Arbudanchal mountain. (2) Jahazpur (Bhilwara) was named 'Yagyapur' in the mythological context of the snake sacrifice performed by King Janamejaya during the Mahabharata period. (3) The name of Kaman (Deeg) was changed to 'Kamvan' on the basis of the sacred forest of Braj Chaurasi Kos Parikrama. (4) Bairath's name 'Viratnagar' is popular on the historical basis of it being the capital of Matsya district during Mahabharata period. Hence the correct match is A-4, B-1, C-2, D-3.

Subtle geographical differences of regional terminologies: (1) 'Beed' refers to the protected grasslands and pastures in Shekhawati (e.g. Fatehpur Beed, Beed Muhana), while 'Beed' are the rugged ravines formed by the severe gully erosion of Chambal and its tributaries (Dang area: Kota, Bundi, Sawai Madhopur, Karauli, Dholpur). (2) 'Bhorat' is a 1224 meter high plateau between Kumbhalgarh (Rajsamand) and Gogunda (Udaipur) where Jarga Peak is situated, while 'Bhomat' is the rocky Bhil tribal area of ​​Aravali between Udaipur, Salumber and Dungarpur. (3) 'Mewal' (or Devalia) refers to the hills situated between Banswara and Dungarpur, while 'Mewat' is the Meo dominated historical area of ​​Alwar, Khairthal-Tijara and Bharatpur. (4) 'Mal' refers to the Hadoti lava plateau of Kota, Bundi, Baran, Jhalawar, while 'Malva' is the front part of the Malwa plateau spread in Pratapgarh, Jhalawar and Chittorgarh.

A total of 7 Deer Parks are located in Rajasthan: (1) Ashok Vihar Deer Park (Jaipur), (2) Sanjay Udyan Deer Park - It is located on the National Highway near Shahpura (Jaipur), not in Shahpura of Bhilwara; (3) Machia Safari Mortuary (Jodhpur), (4) Amrita Devi Mortuary (Khejarli, Jodhpur - 1988), (5) Pushkar Mortuary (Ajmer), (6) Chittorgarh Durg Mortuary (Chittorgarh - 1969), and (7) Sajjangarh Mortuary (Udaipur). Hence option C is mismatched.

Eki Movement (1921–22): Led by Motilal Tejawat (Bavji). Starting from Matrikundiya (Haridwar of Mewar). 21 point demand letter 'Mewar Pukar'. 1200 tribals were martyred in the Neemra massacre (7 March 1922). Unite the tribals against the princely state labor and forced labour. Hence all the statements are true. ✓ [Exam-Useful Insights / RPSC Trap Alert]: Statement B is false because it contains an error in the given facts. The real fact is that Mor Bandhiya and Tanana marriages are prevalent in Garasia tribe. Hence, the correct answer is option (D) which contains only true statements.

Typical shapes of the districts of Rajasthan: Hanumangarh resembles a chair or L-shape; Sikar is half-moon or cup-shaped; Chittorgarh Horseshoe or caterpillar-like; Tonk kite-shaped (rhombus); The shape of Jalore is similar to that of a 'whale fish'; Karauli duck-like; Bhilwara Rectangle; Dausa arched; And the shape of Rajsamand is like a tilak or a drop of water. Hence option A is mismatched.

Hematite and magnetite types of iron ore are found in Rajasthan. Morija-Banol (Jaipur Rural) is the largest and high grade iron ore producing area of ​​the state. Neemla-Raisela area is located in Dausa district. Dabla-Singhana area is located near Khetri Copper Belt in Jhunjhunu district. Nathra Ki Pal and Thur-Hunder are major iron deposits located in Udaipur district of southern Rajasthan. Apart from this, small quantity of iron ore is also found in Pur-Banera belt of Bhilwara.

Colorful festivals are organized by the Rajasthan Tourism Department (RTDC) in different seasons to attract domestic and foreign tourists in Rajasthan: (1) January: Camel Festival (Bikaner), International Kite Festival (Jaipur), Jaipur Literature Festival (Diggi Palace, Jaipur). (2) February: Maru Mahotsav (Jaisalmer - Mr. Desert and Miss Mumal Competition), Beneshwar Fair (Dungarpur). (3) March: Thar Mahotsav (Barmer), Hathi Mahotsav (Amer, Jaipur), Braj Mahotsav (Bharatpur). (4) April: Mewar Festival (Udaipur), Gangaur Fair (Jaipur). (5) May/June: Summer Festival (Mount Abu). (6) July/August: Teej Festival (Jaipur), Kajali Teej (Bundi). (7) September/October: Marwar Festival (Jodhpur), Abhaneri Festival (Dausa). (8) November: Pushkar Fair (Ajmer), Chandrabhaga Fair (Jhalrapatan), Matsya Mahotsav (Alwar), Kolayat Fair (Bikaner). (9) December: Sharad Mahotsav (Mount Abu), Kumbhalgarh Classical Music Festival (Rajsamand). Hence all the statements are true. ✓ [Exam-Useful Insights / RPSC Trap Alert]: Statement C is false because there is an error in the given fact. The actual fact is that it is located in Barmer district and not in Dholpur. Hence, the correct answer is option (B) which contains only true statements.

A total of 7 deer parks are functioning in Rajasthan: (1) Chittorgarh deer park (1969 - first); (2) Sanjay Udyan Mrigavan (Shahpura, Jaipur); (3) Ashok Vihar Mrigavan (Near Secretariat, Jaipur); (4) Machia Safari Mrigavan (Jodhpur); (5) Amrita Devi Mrigavan (Khejarli, Jodhpur); (6) Pushkar Mrigavan (Panchkund, Ajmer); (7) Sajjangarh Mrigavan (Udaipur). Hence all four statements are true. ✓ [Exam-Useful Insights / RPSC Trap Alert]: Statement D is false because there is an error in the given facts. The actual fact is that it belongs to Udaipur region and not to Churu. Hence, the correct answer is option (C) which contains only true statements.

Khas (Vetiveria zizanioides) is a special type of perennial aromatic grass that grows in alluvial and moist lands. Its main producing areas in Rajasthan are the eastern districts – Sawai Madhopur, Bharatpur and Tonk. Very valuable aromatic oil (vetiver oil) is extracted from the roots of khus, which is used in perfumes, soaps, sherbets, thandai and in traditional Khus-Tattis which keep the rooms cool and fragrant in summers. Hence option D is the correct answer.

In the cotton textile industry of Rajasthan (especially Bhilwara, Pali, Balotra, Jodhpur, Sanganer), 'Sodium Sulphate' and soda ash are used extensively in the bleaching, dyeing and printing process of clothes. This chemical makes the bond of the dyes with the cotton fibers strong and durable. The famous 'Rajasthan State Chemical Works' of the state government is established at Didwana (Didwana-Kuchaman) in Rajasthan where sodium sulphate and sodium sulphide are produced. Hence option A is the correct answer.

Banas River is the longest river flowing completely in Rajasthan. It originates from Khamnor hills (Rajsamand). It flows through Rajsamand, Chittorgarh, Bhilwara, Tonk and Sawai Madhopur and joins Chambal near Rameshwaram (Sawai Madhopur). Kothari, Khari, Mansi, Bandi, Dhundh and Morel are found on the left bank of Banas, while Bedach (Ayad), Menal and Wagan are found on the right bank. Triveni Sangam of Banas, Bedach and Menal is formed near Mandalgarh. Statement D is incorrect because Banas is a tributary of Chambal and its waters drain into the Bay of Bengal. Hence only A, B and C are correct.

Sabarmati river originates from the hills of Padrada village near Kotra tehsil of Udaipur district, but after flowing only 45 km in Rajasthan, it enters Gujarat. Wakal river originates from Gora village of Udaipur and joins Sabarmati. The Hathmati and Meshwa rivers are the major tributaries of the Sabarmati that supply it with water in the Gujarat plain. By building a water tunnel on Sei River, its surplus water is transferred to 'Jawai Dam' (Pali), the largest dam of western Rajasthan. This is the first inter-basin water tunnel project of Rajasthan.

Jawai Dam and Sei Tunnel: Major drinking water and irrigation sources of Pali, Jalore and Jodhpur. A grand dam built on granite rocks. When water is low, water is pumped into Jawai Dam through Rajasthan's first water tunnel, 6.7 km long from Sei Dam (Udaipur). Recently it is also being associated with the Bujha Tunnel Project to connect more water to the Sabarmati Basin. Hence all four statements are true. ✓ [Exam-Useful Insights / RPSC Trap Alert]: Statement C is false because there is an error in the given fact. The actual fact is that it belongs to Udaipur region and not to Churu. Hence, the correct answer is option (C) which contains only true statements.

Four major Triveni Sangams of Rajasthan: (1) Beneshwar Dham (Nava Tapra, Dungarpur): Som + Mahi + Jakham (Kumbh of tribals); (2) Bigod (Mandalgarh, Bhilwara): Banas + Bedach + Menal; (3) Rajmahal (Deoli, Tonk): Banas + Dye + Khari; (4) Rameshwaram (Khandar, Sawai Madhopur): Banas + Chambal + Seep (Parshuram's penance). Hence all the statements are true.

The rivers of Rajasthan have specific nicknames: 'Mahi River' is called Ganga of Kanthal, Golden Line of Vagad and Ganga of the tribals. 'Banas River' has been called Varnasha or 'Hope of the Forest' in ancient texts. 'Ruparel River' (Alwar-Bharatpur) is known as Laswari River or Varaha River. 'Kakney/Kakni River' (Jaisalmer) is called 'Masoordi River' in the local language which forms Bhuj Lake. Hence the correct code is A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1.

Origin of tributaries of Mahi river system (Vagad state): (1) Som River - Originating from the hills of Bichhameda near Rishabhdev in Udaipur district, it joins Mahi at Beneshwar forming the Dungarpur border (Som-Kagadar dams are built in Udaipur and Som-Kamala-Amba dams in Dungarpur). (2) Jakham River - originates from Bhanvarmata hills located in Chhoti Sadri tehsil of Pratapgarh district and flowing in Sitamata Sanctuary, 81 meter high Jakham Dam is built on it; It joins Som near Beneshwar. (3) Anas River – Originating from Amber village in Dhar district of Madhya Pradesh, enters Rajasthan at Meleri Kheda in Banswara and meets Mahi at Galiyakot in Dungarpur. (4) Chap River – Originates from Kalinjara hills of Banswara district and joins Mahi in Dungarpur. Moren river originates from Dungarpur hills and Iru/Erao river originates from Pratapgarh and meets Mahi. Hence the correct match is A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4.

Geographical Conceptual Difference: The 'Plain of 56' formed by the Mahi River in southern Rajasthan is a group of 56 villages/drains between Banswara and Pratapgarh. 'Kanthal' is the coastal area of ​​Mahi in Pratapgarh. On the other hand, 'Hills of 56' are 56 rounded granite hills located in Siwana (Balotra/Barmer) in western Rajasthan (where Nakoda Mountain and Piplud - Rajasthan's miniature Mount Abu are located). Hence, statement D is false because the plains of 56 and the hills of 56 are located in two completely different geographical units. Hence only 1, 2 and 3 are correct.

Banas River ('Hope of the Forest' / Varnasha): Originating from Khamnor (Rajsamand) and flowing through Rajsamand, Chittorgarh, Bhilwara, Shahpura, Kekri, Tonk and Sawai Madhopur, it merges into the Chambal at Rameshwaram (Khandar). It is the longest river flowing entirely in the state. There are three major confluences on it: (1) Banas-Bedach-Menal at Begod (Bhilwara); (2) Banas-Die-Khari in Rajmahal (Tonk); (3) Maha-Triveni Sangam of Banas-Chambal-Seep in Rameshwaram (Sawai Madhopur). Bisalpur Dam is built on it in Tonk and Isarda Dam is built on it in Sawai Madhopur. Hence all the statements are true.

Inter-basin water transfer priorities to address surface water crisis (1.16%) in Rajasthan: (1) Brahmani-Banas link: To enhance drinking water security of Jaipur-Ajmer by bringing 10.5 TMC water from Brahmani to Bisalpur; (2) Mahi-Jakham-Luni link: Diversion of surplus water of Mahi flowing to Gujarat to western Rajasthan; (3) PKC-ERCP Link: Water Redistribution in 17 Districts of Eastern Rajasthan; (4) Sabarmati-Luni Link: Long term draft of National Water Development Agency (NWDA). Hence the correct match is A-1, B-4, C-2, D-3.

A tripartite historic agreement was signed between the Central Government, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh on 28 January 2024 for the Revised Parvati-Kalisindh-Chambal (PKC-ERCP) Link Project (Ram Jal Setu Project). The funding ratio is 90% (Centre) and 10% (5% Rajasthan: 5% MP) and the total outlay is ₹45,000 crore. Under the project, 6 huge barrages and dams are being constructed on Chambal sub-basins: (1) Ramgarh Barrage – on Kul River (Baran District); (2) Mahalpur Barrage – on Parvati River (Baran district); (3) Navanera (Nonera) Barrage – on Kalisindh River (Digod, Kota); (4) Mej Barrage – on Mej River (Bundi District); (5) Rathod Dam – on Banas River (Sawai Madhopur); And (6) Dungri Dam – on Banas River (Sawai Madhopur). Surplus water from these barrages will be fed into Isarda Dam and Bisalpur Dam which will provide uninterrupted drinking water to 17 eastern districts till 2051. Hence the correct code is A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2.

Many grand waterfalls have developed along the Vindhyan ledges at the meeting point of Hadoti and Mewar: (1) Chulia Falls (18 m) on the Chambal River near Bhainsrodgarh is the most famous waterfall of the state where huge potholes are found; (2) Bhimalat Falls is situated on the Mangli River (tributary of Ghorapachhad) in Bundi; (3) Menal Falls is located on the Menali River where the 11th-12th century Mahanaleshwar Shiva Temple is located; (4) Geparnath Falls is located in the deep gorge of Chambal in Kota. Hence all four statements are completely true. ✓ [Exam-Useful Insights / RPSC Trap Alert]: Statement D is false because there is an error in the given facts. The actual fact is that it belongs to Hadoti/Kota division and not to Ganganagar. Hence, the correct answer is option (C) which contains only true statements.

Bedach River System: Originates from the Gogunda Hills under the name Ayad. The Copper Age Ahad civilization developed on its banks (Akshaykirti Vyas, R.C. Aggarwal). After emerging from Udaysagar Lake (built by Maharana Udai Singh), it gets the name 'Bedach'. Gambhiri river meets it in Chittorgarh and Chittorgarh fort is situated on the Mesa plateau near the confluence of the two. It finally joins the Banas river at Bigod (Bhilwara). Hence all four statements are true. ✓ [Exam-Useful Insights / RPSC Trap Alert]: Statement B is false because it contains an error in the given facts. The actual fact is that it belongs to Udaipur region and not to Churu. Hence, the correct answer is option (D) which contains only true statements.

The Revised Parvati-Kalisindh-Chambal (PKC-ERCP) Link Project proposes 6 major structures to store monsoon surplus water of the Chambal basin: (1) Navnera Barrage on Kalisindh River; (2) Ramgarh Barrage on Kul River; (3) Mahalpur Barrage on Parvati River; (4) Mej Barrage on Mej River; And Dungri Dam and Rathore Dam in Banas Basin. Water will be lifted from Navnera and sent to Isarda and Bisalpur dams. Hence all the statements are true.

Navnera (Nonera) Barrage is the central structure of the ERCP constructed in Kota district on the Kalisindh River. Water will be stored here and transferred to Bisalpur Dam (Tonk) and Isarda Dam (Dausa/Sawai Madhopur) of Banas Basin through pumping station and feeder tunnel. Statement D is false because it refers to Eastern Rajasthan and not the Western Desert or Luni River. Hence only 1, 2 and 3 are correct.

Origin of rivers: (1) Parvati river originates from Sehore (M.P.) enters Kariyahat of Baran and joins Chambal at Palia village; (2) Parvan River Madhya Pradesh. Emerging from Malwa in the form of Ajnar and Ghorapachhad, it enters Manoharthana of Jhalawar and flowing from Shergarh Sanctuary, joins Kalisindh at Palayatha (Baran); (3) Mej river originates from Mandalgarh Bhilwara and joins Chambal near Lakheri in Bundi; (4) Som river originates from Bichha Meda in Udaipur and joins Mahi in Beneshwar. Hence the correct match is A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4.

The modified PKC-ERCP (Ram Jal Setu) is part of the National River Linking Project: a tripartite agreement signed in January 2024 in which the Central government will bear 90% of the cost of ₹45,000 crore and Rajasthan and MP will bear 5% each. Water allocation was fixed at 75% dependency. 17 districts (Jhalawar, Baran, Kota, Bundi, Sawai Madhopur, Karauli, Dholpur, Bharatpur, Dausa, Jaipur, Dudu, Alwar, Khairthal-Tijara, Kotputli-Behror, Ajmer, Tonk) will get drinking water and micro irrigation in 2.8 lakh hectares. Major Barrages: Navnera (Kalisindh), Ramgarh (Kul), Mahalpur (Parvati), Mej (Mej), Dungri and Rathod (Banas). Hence all four statements are true. ✓ [Exam-Useful Insights / RPSC Trap Alert]: Statement C is false because there is an error in the given fact. The actual fact is that it belongs to the Eastern region and not to the Western one. Hence, the correct answer is option (C) which contains only true statements.

Parvati river is the right tributary of Chambal. Originating from Sehore (M.P.) it enters Kariyahat of Baran. This is Kota-Sawai Madhopur and Madhya Pradesh. The river flowing on the border joins Chambal in Palia village. Among its tributaries, Andheri, Retri, Aheli, Kul, Lasi, Barni and Vilas rivers are prominent. In the revised PKC-ERCP, Mahalpur Barrage on Parvati River and Ramgarh Barrage on its tributary Kul River are proposed. Hence all the statements are true. ✓ [Exam-Useful Insights / RPSC Trap Alert]: Statement C is false because there is an error in the given fact. The actual fact is that it belongs to Hadoti/Kota division and not to Ganganagar. Hence, the correct answer is option (D) which contains only true statements.

Isarda Dam Project is being constructed on Banas River in Sawai Madhopur district downstream of Bisalpur Dam to impound the surplus water of Banas. Its main objective is to provide pure drinking water to the areas of Dausa, Sawai Madhopur and Jaipur Rural. It is an integral part of ERCP. Statement D is false because there is no hydro-power generation in it, it is a drinking water and water recharge project. Hence only 1, 2 and 3 are correct.

Bisalpur Dam Project: Construction started in 1987. Main drinking water source of Tonk, Jaipur and Ajmer. There are also irrigation canals in Sawai Madhopur and Tonk in the command area. Brahmani-Banas Link Project has been approved to divert 14 TMC surplus water from Brahmani River (Bhansrodgarh, Chittaurgarh) to Banas through a tunnel and bring it to Bisalpur for permanent solution to the water crisis when the monsoon subsides. Hence all the statements are true.

Meja Dam built on Kothari River has been a historical source of drinking water supply to Bhilwara city, its park is called Green Mount. Matrikundiya Dam is located at Rashmi (Chittorgarh) on Banas River, which is called 'Haridwar of Mewar' because of the sacred Lakshman Jhula and Chandrabhaga Sangam; It was from here that Motilal Tejawat started the 'Unity Movement' among the tribals. Hence all four statements are true.

The Western Banas River originates from the village 'Naya Sanwada' in Sirohi district on the western slopes of the Aravali. After flowing into Sirohi, it enters Banaskantha district of Gujarat (Deesa town is located on its banks) and eventually merges into the Little Rann of Kutch (Arabian Sea system). 'Sipu' and 'Sukeli' are its main tributaries. 'Western Banas Dam' is built on it in Sirohi. Hence option D is correct.

Bisalpur Dam (Tonk district) is the largest concrete gravity drinking water project in Rajasthan built in 1999 on the Banas River. From this project, Jaipur, Ajmer, Beawar, Tonk, Dausa and Sawai Madhopur get drinking water and Tonk district gets irrigation water. From the point of view of tourism development, due to its vast back-waters and beautiful islands, it has been given the status of 'Mini Goa of Rajasthan' by the State Tourism Department. The country's first state-of-the-art aquarium, hatchery and 'Color Fish Breeding Centre' of colorful fish has been established here by the Fisheries Department. Bisalpur Conservation Reserve (2008) is also the first notified conservation reserve of Rajasthan. Hence option A is the correct answer.

Meja Dam is located on the Kothari River (not on Chambal) in Mandal tehsil of Bhilwara district. It was the main drinking water source of Bhilwara city and the park developed around it is called 'Meja Park' (Green Mount). Rana Pratap Sagar, Jawahar Sagar and Kota Barrage are the main dams of the Chambal River Valley Project. Hence option B is the correct answer.

Dang region is spread in Karauli, Dholpur and Sawai Madhopur districts in the south-eastern and eastern part of Rajasthan. The deep ravines, caves and mounds formed by the rapid flow of Chambal river are called 'badland' or 'badland topography'. Statement D is false because due to excessive erosion, lack of cultivable flat land, deep groundwater table, lack of transport connectivity and historically due to bandit activities, the region has remained extremely backward and not prosperous and industrial. Hence only 1, 2 and 3 are correct.

Mej River originates from Mandalgarh (Bhilwara) and flows in Bundi district, where Kural River joins it. Ghoda Pachhad river originates from Bijolia and joins Mangli river at Bundi. Chulia Falls is the highest natural waterfall (18 m) of Rajasthan, located near the confluence of Chambal and Bamni rivers near Bhainsrodgarh in Chittorgarh district. Bhimalat Falls is a very picturesque natural waterfall located on the Mangli River in Bundi district. All these rivers and waterfalls are an important part of the drainage system of the Vindhya basin.

Major natural springs and waterfalls of Rajasthan: (1) Damoh Waterfall - It is a very picturesque natural waterfall located on the Bandi River in Sarmathura area of ​​Dholpur district. (2) Arana Waterfall - It is a natural dry waterfall located on Mathania road in Jodhpur district. (3) Bhilveri Falls - It is a more than 55 meter high waterfall located in the dense hills of Aravalli in Pali district. (4) Gaparnath Waterfall - There is a waterfall falling from a height of 100-120 feet in the deep Kandra valley of Chambal river on Kota-Rawatbhata road, where the ancient Gaparnath Mahadev temple is situated. Other major waterfalls: Chulia Falls (Bhansrodgarh, Chittorgarh – 18 meters high, highest waterfall in the state, on the Chambal River), Bhimlat Falls (Bundi – on the Mangli River), Menal Falls (Chittorgarh-Bhilwara border – on the Menali River), Padjhar (Bhansrodgarh), and Dudhiya Falls (Mount Abu). Hence the correct code is A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2.

Geomorphic classification of 5 sub-regions of Hadoti Plateau: (1) Crescent-shaped mountain ranges: Bundi Hills (Satur 353 m) and Mukundara Hills (Chandbari 517 m); (2) River-formed plains: alluvial and rugged areas of Chambal and tributary rivers; (3) Shahbad highlands: Mamuni (456 m) and Ramgarh crater (meteorite formation) in the eastern part of Baran; (4) Dag-Gangdhar highland: dissected plateau rise (350-450 m) in Jhalawar; The 5th sub-region is 'Jhalawar Plateau' which is a flat lava plateau of Malwa. Hence the correct match is A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3.

Four major Triveni Sangams in Rajasthan are famous from religious and geographical point of view. Banas, Bedach and Menal rivers meet in Bigod of Bhilwara. Chambal, Banas and Seep rivers meet at Rameshwar Ghat in Khandar tehsil of Sawai Madhopur. Som, Mahi and Jakham rivers meet at Beneshwar Dham in Navatapura, Dungarpur, which is called the 'Kumbh of the tribals'. Banas, Khari and Dai rivers together form the holy Triveni at Rajmahal in Tonk district.

Emerald is called 'Green Fire'. In Rajasthan, the 221 km long 'Green Fire Belt' extends from Kalaguman in Rajsamand to Bubani in Ajmer, where Tikki, Garhbor and Gudha are the major emerald mining sites. Garnet/Raktmani is a red-brown semi-precious stone in whose production Rajasthan has 100 percent monopoly in India. Rajmahal, Janakpura, Kushalpura and Kalyanpur in Banas river valley of Tonk district and Sarwar area of ​​Kekri/Ajmer are world famous producing places of Tamara.

Many historic water tunnels have been built by cutting the mountains to supply water to water scarce areas in Rajasthan: (1) Sei Water Tunnel: A 6.7 km long tunnel is built from Sei Dam on the Sei River, a tributary of Sabarmati in Kotda tehsil of Udaipur district, through which water is fed into Jawai Dam (Pali) across the Aravalli Mountains; It is the first inter-basin water tunnel of Rajasthan built in 1977. (2) Mansi-Wakal Water Tunnel: There is an 11.2 km long tunnel passing through Phulwari drain in Kotra area of ​​Udaipur, which is the longest water tunnel of Rajasthan built in collaboration with Hindustan Zinc Limited and the state government. (3) Dewas Project (Mohanlal Sukhadia Water Project): By making a tunnel from Maddi and Akodada dams in Gogunda hills, water is released into Pichola and Fatehsagar lakes of Udaipur. (4) Kalitir Lift: This is a new project to fill Parvati, Ramsagar and Urmila Sagar of Dholpur district by lifting the surplus water of Chambal river. Hence the correct code is A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1.

Saint Mavji and Beneshwar: Born in Sabala (Dungarpur). Chopra (prophecies in Vaagdi dialect). Beneshwar (Navatapara village, Dungarpur) Som-Mahi-Jakham Triveni Sangam. On Magh Purnima, lakhs of Bhil tribals come for bone immersion and bathing. The broken Shivalinga is worshipped. Hence all four statements are true.

Medium Irrigation Projects of Baran District: Vilas Project is situated at Kishanganj on Vilas River and Lasi Project is situated at Chhipabraud on Lasi River. Both these rivers are tributaries of Parvati which irrigate the Sahariya tribal dominated Hadoti region of south-eastern Rajasthan. Hence all the statements are true. ✓ [Exam-Useful Insights / RPSC Trap Alert]: Statement D is false because there is an error in the given facts. The real fact is that Sahariya is the only PVTG tribe of Rajasthan. Hence, the correct answer is option (A) which contains only true statements.

On the basis of water discharge, the drainage system in Rajasthan is divided into 3 parts: (1) Internal flow system is the largest drainage system of the state which covers 60.2% of the total drainage (Ghagghar, Kantli, Sabi etc.); (2) The Bay of Bengal system represents 23-24% of the water that flows into the Ganga via the Yamuna (Chambal, Banas, etc.); (3) Arabian Sea system extends over 16-17% area which falls in Rann of Kutch or Gulf of Khambhat (Luni, Mahi etc.); (4) Sabarmati Basin covers about 1.2% area of ​​the state. Hence the correct match is A-4, B-1, C-2, D-3.

Historical forts located at the confluence and banks of rivers: (1) Gagron Fort is a famous water fort located at the Ahu-Kalisindh confluence; (2) Shergarh Fort (Koshvardhan) is situated near Shergarh Sanctuary on the banks of Parvan River in Baran; (3) Bhainsrodgarh Fort (Vellore, Rajasthan) is a water fort situated at the confluence of Chambal and Bamni rivers; (4) Manoharthana Fort is situated at the confluence of Parwan and Kalikhad rivers in Jhalawar. Hence the correct match is A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1.

The correct combination of major rivers of Rajasthan with their tributaries is as follows: Major tributaries of 'Chambal' are Parvati, Kalisindh, Ahu, Parwan, Mej and Bamni. The tributaries of 'Banas' (Hope of Forest) are Khari, Bedach, Kothari, Morel, Bandi and Mansi. The tributaries of 'Luni' (Maruganga) are Sukdi, Jawai, Liladi, Mithadi, Bandi and Jojdi. The tributaries of 'Mahi' are Som, Jakham, Anas, Chap, Moren and Iru. Hence the correct code is A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2.

Pachpadra Lake (now in the newly formed Balotra district) is the most saline and high quality salt producing lake of Rajasthan. The salt here contains up to 98% pure sodium chloride, which makes it the best edible salt in India. Here the local Kharwal caste families prepare salt crystals from natural evaporation by placing branches of Morli bush in aerated beds. Statement C is false because Pachpadra is an extremely salty water lake, not a fresh water one (the largest fresh water natural lake of Rajasthan is Pushkar and the largest artificial lake is Jaisamand). Hence only A, B and D are correct.

Silisedh Lake is a very picturesque freshwater lake located not in Bharatpur but in Alwar district of Rajasthan. On the banks of this lake, Maharaja Vinay Singh of Alwar had built a grand palace (Shahi Lake Palace) and hunter lodge for his queen Sheela in 1845 AD. This lake is also called 'Nandan Kanan of Rajasthan'. Kavod Lake is a salt water lake located in Jaisalmer. Dhebar Lake (Jaisamand) is the largest freshwater artificial lake of Rajasthan which is now located in the new district Salumber. Kaylana Lake is situated in Jodhpur. Hence option C is mismatched.

Sambhar Lake (Jaipur, Didwana-Kuchaman, Ajmer border): The largest inland natural salt lake of India. Rivers bring water from the surrounding hills towards the centre, which is called 'centripetal drainage'. Main salt carrying rivers: Mentha (highest salt deposition), Rupangarh, Khari, Khandela. Salt production: Salt made by 'Kyar method' (solar evaporation in shallow beds) and air flow is called 'Resta'. The Central Government undertaking 'Sambhar Salts Limited' (subsidiary of Hindustan Salts Ltd.) produces about 8.7% of the total salt production of the country. Hence all the statements are true. ✓ [Exam-Useful Insights / RPSC Trap Alert]: Statement B is false because it contains an error in the given facts. The actual fact is that the highest position is recorded and not the lowest. Hence, the correct answer is option (D) which contains only true statements.

Sambhar Lake Conservation: Declared the second Ramsar site of Rajasthan in 1990. In November 2019, extreme salinity, anaerobic conditions and high temperatures led to the spread of avian botulism caused by Clostridium botulinum bacterial infection, killing thousands of migratory birds (flamingos, stilts, etc.). To provide a permanent solution to this, in 2021 the state government created 'Sambhar Lake Management Agency' (SLMA) which works to remove illegal borewells, illegal salt beds and catchment river blockages. Hence all the statements are true.

Didwana and Nawan salt areas: Didwana lake has excess of sodium sulphate which makes it unfit for consumption (used in leather dyeing and paper); Deval institutions make salt here. India's first model salt farm and the country's largest salt market are located in Nawan. Statement D is false because 98% pure NaCl is found in the salt of Pachpadra (Balotra) and not Didwana. Hence only 1, 2 and 3 are correct.