The Malpura-Karauli plain is a very important geomorphic sub-region located in the north-eastern part of the Banas Basin. The average height of this plain is found to be between 280 to 400 meters above sea level. Its general slope is towards south-east and east direction. Geologically, this plain is mainly made up of metamorphic rocks like schist and gneiss, on which thick layers of alluvial soil and at some places sandstone are spread. This area around Karauli, Hindaun, Mandrayal and Malpura is formed by fertile sediments brought by the Banas River and its tributaries. The Luni Basin is the drainage system of western Rajasthan, while the Chambal Basin is known for its rugged topography and the Ghaggar Basin is known for the flow area of ​​the Ghaggar River in northern Rajasthan.

Thar Desert is the main hot and dry desert region of India. Due to the abundance of sandy loam soil here, both absorption and radiation of heat occur at a very high rate, due to which the days become extremely hot (45°C to 50°C) and the nights become very cold. Due to dry atmospheric conditions and clear sky, excessive terrestrial radiation causes the night temperature to drop suddenly to 15°C or below even in summer, hence statements A, B and C are completely correct. Statement D is false because the Thar Desert is deprived of rainfall due to its being in the rain-shadow region of Aravali and the direction of Aravali being parallel to the monsoon winds and the average annual rainfall here is less than 25 cm.

According to Köppen's climate classification, 'Aw' means tropical humid or savanna-like climate region. The expansion of this climatic region in Rajasthan is mainly found in Vagad region of southern Rajasthan (Banswara, Dungarpur, Pratapgarh), Hadoti region of south-eastern Rajasthan (Jhalawar, Baran, Kota) and Mount Abu mountain region of Sirohi district. Bundi district in Hadoti region is not included in 'Aw' but comes under 'Cwg' (sub-tropical monsoon/sub-humid) climate region. In the 'Aw' region, the annual rainfall is more than 80 to 100 cm and here dense deciduous and nutritious vegetation like Savanna is found.

Thornthwaite's climate classification is determined based on precipitation effectiveness, thermal efficiency and evapotranspiration. 'CA'w' represents the sub-humid climate region which extends over southern Rajasthan (Dungarpur, Banswara) and south-eastern Hadoti (Jhalawar). 'DA'w' is a semi-arid subtropical climate region which covers most of the land area of ​​Rajasthan (Jaipur, Ajmer, Bhilwara, Tonk, Sawai Madhopur). 'DB'w' is a temperate semi-arid climate region which includes Sriganganagar, Hanumangarh, Bikaner and Churu districts of northern Rajasthan. 'EA'd' is a tropical desert extremely dry climate region which is found in Jaisalmer, Barmer and western Jodhpur region of western Rajasthan. Hence option A is the correct answer.

Many specific names related to local weather and topography are prevalent in Rajasthan. 'Barkhan' is not a winter rain, rather it is a crescent-shaped moving sand stupa formed by wind deposition. These sand stupas contribute the most to increasing desertification and are mainly found in Shekhawati (Bhaleri of Churu) and Bikaner. The dry and hot winds blowing in summer are called 'Loo'. The rainfall caused by Mediterranean cyclones (Western Disturbances) during winter is called 'Mavath', which is like nectar for Rabi crops. The local air vortex formed due to difference in air pressure due to extreme heat is called 'Bhabhulya'.

The eastern plains of Rajasthan is a flat and fertile land situated to the east of Aravali. It covers 23.9% of the state's area and contains 40% of the state's population, making it the most densely populated physical region of the state. This plain is separated from Aravali by 50 cm isobar line in the west and due to the accumulation of alluvial soil here, agriculture is very prosperous. Statement C is false because this plain is not of the Indus-Ghaggar, but is part of the Ganga-Yamuna drainage system formed by the alluvium deposited by the Banas, Banganga, Chambal and Mahi (Chhappan Maidan) rivers and their tributaries. Hence only A, B and D are correct.

The passes located in the Aravalli mountain range (called 'Nal' or 'Ghat' in the local language) provide natural transportation routes between the mountain ranges. 'Pagalya ki Naal' (or Jilwada ki Naal) is located in Rajsamand district which connects Mewar with Marwar. 'Elephant Pass' is situated in Udaipur district. 'Borang Pass' is located in Sirohi district, while 'Bar Pass' is located near Beawar border of Pali district, through which the National Highway passes. Hence the correct match is A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4.

Malkhet hills are not located in Bharatpur district, but in Sikar district (Shekhawati region) of Rajasthan. Khandela hills are also located in Sikar district, from where Kantli river originates. Udaynath hills are located in the Thanagaji area of ​​Alwar district, from where the Ruparel (Laswari/Varaha) river originates. The Merwara Hills are located in the Central Aravali (Ajmer district), which acts as a natural mountain range separating the flat plains of Marwar from the high plateau of Mewar. Hence option D is the correct answer.

Star Dunes are distinctive star-shaped formations formed due to multi-directional movement of wind and swirling flow. These stupas have many arms coming out like stars in different directions and their height generally ranges from 10 to 25 meters. Tara Baluka Stupas in Rajasthan are mainly found in Mohangarh and Pokaran areas of Jaisalmer district and Suratgarh area of ​​Sriganganagar district. Apart from this, small pockets of them are also found around Rawatsar (Hanumangarh). Churu and Sikar have abundance of Barkhan Stupas, while Siwana and Balotra have hilly and sandy dunes.

The south-eastern plateau of Rajasthan (Hadoti region) is the northern extension of the Malwa plateau. It covers 9% of the state's area and hosts 13% of the population. Geologically, here the deposits of sandstone of Vindhyan sequence and lava flows (basalt) of Deccan Trap are found, due to weathering of which fertile medium black (regur) soil has been formed. It is divided into two sub-units (Vindhya ledge and Deccan lava plateau). Statement C is false because this region is the highest rainfall physiographic region of Rajasthan (average rainfall 80-120 cm), and not an area with less rainfall than the Western Desert. Hence only A, B and D are correct.

In the dry desert region of Rajasthan, various types of sand stupas are formed due to wind erosion and deposition. When there is an obstruction in the wind path, the sand is deposited at right angles (90°) to the direction of the wind, then they are called transverse stupas (e.g. Jodhpur, Bikaner, Jhunjhunu). When sand walls form parallel to the wind, they are called longitudinal or seif (e.g. Jaisalmer, Barmer). Barkhans are highly mobile semi-moon shaped stupas which are the main factors of desertification. Parabolic Stupas are the most elaborate sand stupas in Rajasthan, whose shape is opposite to that of Barkhan (hairpin like). Hence all four statements are true.

The high mountain valley area situated between Jarga Mountain (1431 m) and Raga Mountain under Udaipur district in Southern Aravalli is called 'Deshharo'. This area is famous by this name because of its unique topography and being covered with lush green natural vegetation throughout the year. 'Bhorat Plateau' is situated between Kumbhalgarh (Rajsamand) and Gogunda (Udaipur). 'Lasadiya Plateau' is a highly eroded and dissected plateau situated to the east of Jaisamand Lake which now falls in Salumber district. 'Uppermal Plateau' is a rocky plateau situated between Bijolia (Bhilwara) to Bhainsrodgarh (Chittorgarh).

From the point of view of relief and natural structure, the vast desert region of Rajasthan is clearly divided into 4 sub-regions: (1) Great Desert - which is completely covered with sand stupas along the India-Pakistan international border; (2) Rock/Hamada Desert - which is a rocky area spread between Barmer, Jaisalmer and Bikaner; (3) Little Desert – which extends from Rann of Kutch to Bikaner; And (4) Semi-arid / Rajasthan Bangar - which includes Luni Basin, Shekhawati inflow region, Nagauri highlands and Ghaggar plain. 'Rathi Pradesh' is not a relief division of the desert, but is the name of a specific cow breed and area with less than 25 cm rainfall.

The Aravalli mountain range is the world's oldest folded mountain range passing through the middle of Rajasthan. The correct descending order of height of its major peaks is as follows: (1) Guru Shikhar (Sirohi) - 1722 m, (2) Ser (Sirohi) - 1597 m, (3) Dilwara (Sirohi) - 1442 m, (4) Jarga (Udaipur) - 1431 m, (5) Achalgarh (Sirohi) - 1380 m, (6) Abu (Sirohi) - 1295 meters, and (7) Kumbhalgarh (Rajsamand) - 1224 meters. Hence, in the given options, the order of Ser (1597 m) > Jarga (1431 m) > Achalgarh (1380 m) > Kumbhalgarh (1224 m) is completely correct.

The hilly and deeply dissected terrain of Banswara and Dungarpur districts located in the southern part of Rajasthan by the Mahi River and its tributaries is called 'Vagad' in the local dialect. Vaagadi dialect is spoken here. The 56 village groups or the flow area of ​​rivers and drains spread in the coastal area of ​​Mahi river between Pratapgarh and Banswara is called 'Chhappan ka Maidan'. The area of ​​Pratapgarh situated on the banks of Mahi river is called 'Kanthal'. The hilly area between Dungarpur and Banswara is also known as 'Meval'.

The Hadoti plateau is divided into 5 surface sub-regions: the crescent-shaped mountain ranges, the river-lined plains, the highlands of Shahabad, the Jhalawar plateau and the highlands of Dag-Gangdhar. The Bundi hills are 96 km long and Satur (353 m) is its highest peak. The Mukandra Hills extend for 120 km. Shahbad highland area is 300 m above sea level. Its peak is Kasba Thana (456 m). The crater located in Ramgarh (Baran) is formed by the impact of a meteorite, which has been given the status of Geo-heritage site by the Geological Survey of India (GSI). Hence all the statements are true.

The climate of Rajasthan is full of variations. The Aravalli mountain range acts as the main climatic divider in the state. The 12-13 desert districts located to the west of the Aravali have a dry and highly variable climate, while the east of the Aravali have a sub-humid to super-humid climate. Due to the location of Aravali parallel to the Arabian Sea branch of the south-west monsoon, the monsoon winds go straight towards the north without colliding. Statement D is incorrect because Rajasthan comes under subtropical/tropical monsoon and continental climate, not equatorial. Hence only A, B and C are correct.

The Tropic of Cancer (23°30' north latitude) passes almost through the middle (Kushalgarh) of Banswara district located at the southern end of Rajasthan and touching the southern border village (Chikhali) of Dungarpur district. Only a very small part below the Tropic of Cancer falls in the tropical zone, whereas more than 99% of the vast land area of ​​Rajasthan, being situated north of the Tropic of Cancer, is located in the sub-tropical or northern temperate zone. However, due to continental influence, extreme temperatures and desert conditions, tropical characteristics are visible in the climate here.

Triwartha, presenting a simplified version of Köppen's climate classification, has divided Rajasthan into four major climatic regions: 'BWh' hot desert region covering the western end of the Thar (Jaisalmer, Bikaner); 'BSh' is the hot and semi-arid steppe region which is spread in the western districts of the central-western Aravali; 'Caw' sub-humid climate region representing the eastern plains districts (Jaipur, Ajmer, Bharatpur); And 'Aw' tropical humid climate region which is spread in the southern end (Banswara, Dungarpur) and Jhalawar. Hence option A is the correct answer.

The Central Aravalli range is spread mainly in Ajmer and the newly formed Beawar district. The altitude of this mountainous part is relatively low and it is cut by many narrow natural passes. Major passes located in Beawar tehsil/region are Bar Pass, Parveriya Pass, Shivpur Ghat, Sura Ghat and Debari Pass. Desuri ki Naal, Someshwar Naal and Kamli Ghat are situated on the Pali and Rajsamand border. Hathi Pass, Kewda ki Nal and Phulwari ki Nal are the major passes of Southern Aravalli (Udaipur district).

The Thar Desert of western Rajasthan is geologically a part of the ancient Tethys Ocean. The presence of huge reserves of marine sediments, lignite coal, natural gas and petroleum in the Permian and Jurassic periods proves this fact. Jaisalmer's Akal Wood Fossil Park is a direct evidence of 180 million year old wood fossils from the Jurassic period and the saline lakes are the remains of sea salinity. Statement D is incorrect because the general slope of the desert region is from north-east to south-west and east to west (the direction in which the Luni River flows). Hence only A, B and C are correct.

The Shekhawati downstream region (Rajasthan Bangar) extends across the districts of Sikar, Jhunjhunu, Churu and North Nagaur. The main feature of this region is the inland drainage system, where seasonal rivers like Kantli River do not fall into any sea but merge into the sand. The traditional kutcha/pucca round wells built for rain water harvesting in Shekhawati are called 'Johar' or 'Nada' in the local language. Here a layer of calcareous rocks is found and the soil is mainly sandy.

There are many domed and steeply sloping hills made of granite rocks located around Jalore district in western Rajasthan, which are locally called 'Bhakar'. In the Jalore mountain area, the height of Israna Bhakar is 839 meters, the height of Roza Bhakar is 730 meters, the height of Jharol mountain is 588 meters and the height of Sundha Mountain is about 850 meters (Sundha Mata Temple area). The correct order of increasing height of these peaks is Jharol Pahar (588 m) < Roza Bhakhar (730 m) < Israna Bhakhar (839 m). Hence option A is the correct answer.

Köppen's climate classification is based on the distribution of vegetation, temperature and rainfall. 'BWhw' is a dry desert region which is in the western and north-western districts with extremely low rainfall. 'BShw' is a semi-arid steppe region located in the transitional districts to the west of the Aravali. 'Cwg' is a sub-humid monsoon climate that covers most of the plains of eastern Rajasthan. Statement D is false because 'Aw' Savanna-like hyper-humid climate is found in Jhalawar district of Southern Rajasthan (Banswara, Dungarpur, Pratapgarh) and Hadoti and not in the western desert districts (Churu, Bikaner, Jaisalmer). Hence only A, B and C are correct.

The highest peak of the Mukandra mountain ranges located on the Hadoti plateau of south-eastern Rajasthan is 'Chandwadi', whose height is 517 meters above sea level. It is the highest point of the Mukandra Hills spread across Kota and Jhalawar districts. 'Satur' (353 m) is the highest peak of the Bundi hills. 'Kasba Thana' (456 m) is the highest peak of the Shahbad highlands located in Baran district. Therefore, Chandwadi is considered to be the highest mountain peak in the context of Hadoti plateau.

The distribution of rainfall in Rajasthan can be clearly understood through iso-rain lines. The 50 cm isobar line follows the axial direction of Aravali. The 40 cm monsoon line passing through Shekhawati, Nagaur, Pali separates the dry sandy plain from the semi-arid Bangar. The 10 cm isobar line touches western Jaisalmer, the driest part of India. Statement D is false because the amount of annual rainfall in Rajasthan continuously 'increases' as we go from north-west to south-east and from west to east (from 10-15 cm in Jaisalmer to over 100 cm in Jhalawar), rather than decreasing. Hence only A, B and C are correct.

The geographical distribution of the major peaks of the Aravali mountain range is as follows: 'Guru Shikhar' (1722 m) located in Mount Abu (Sirohi) is the highest peak of Rajasthan and Central India. 'Dilwara' (1442 m) is the third highest peak of Aravali situated in Sirohi district. 'Kho' (920 m.) is the main peak of Northern Aravali which is located in Jaipur district. 'Taragarh' (873 m.) is a famous peak of Central Aravalli which is situated in Ajmer district. Hence the correct code is A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4.

Winter rainfall in Rajasthan is called 'Mawath'. It originates from cyclones (western disturbances) originating in the Mediterranean Sea, which are brought by the subtropical westerly jet stream towards the Indian subcontinent. This rain occurs in the month of December-January. Although its total volume is small (usually 2 to 5 cm), it plays a very important role in nourishing the rabi crops like wheat, barley, gram and mustard seeds. For this reason these rain drops are called 'golden drops'. Hence all four statements are true.

Ramgarh Crater is an extremely rare geomorphic structure located in the Mangrol-Shahbad region of Baran district of Rajasthan. This huge crater with a diameter of 3.2 km was formed when a meteorite collided with the Earth about 650 crore (or 65 million) years ago. Its outer perimeter is surrounded by horseshoe shaped hills. It is recognized globally as an impact crater and a major geo-heritage site in India. This is not a saline lake in the Thar Desert, but a meteorite crater located in the Vindhyan Sandstone region of south-eastern Rajasthan (Hadauti).

Thornthwaite's climate classification is a sophisticated system based not just on temperature and rainfall, but on the availability of water for plants and potential evapotranspiration. 'EA'd' is a hot desert climate where there is complete lack of rainfall and severe evaporation (Jaisalmer, Barmer). 'DB'w' is a northern desert/semi-desert region with moderate rainfall in summer and frost in winter (Ganganagar, Hanumangarh). Statement D is false because 'CA'w' is a hot and humid/sub-humid climate region located in Southern Rajasthan (Dungarpur, Banswara) and Jhalawar, and not in Western Rajasthan. Hence only A, B and C are correct.

The drainage system of Rajasthan is divided by the Aravalli mountain range into two main parts (Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal drainage system) and internal drainage system. Sabarmati River (originating from Udaipur to Gulf of Khambhat via Gujarat) and Luni River (originating from Nag Pahad in Ajmer to Rann of Kutch) both are part of the drainage system of the Arabian Sea. Apart from this, Western Banas and Mahi rivers also fall into the Arabian Sea. On the other hand, Banas, Chambal, Banganga, Kalisindh and Parvati rivers carry their waters to the Bay of Bengal via Yamuna and ultimately Ganga. Hence option C is the correct answer.

The correct combination of major rivers of Rajasthan with their tributaries is as follows: Major tributaries of 'Chambal' are Parvati, Kalisindh, Ahu, Parwan, Mej and Bamni. The tributaries of 'Banas' (Hope of Forest) are Khari, Bedach, Kothari, Morel, Bandi and Mansi. The tributaries of 'Luni' (Maruganga) are Sukdi, Jawai, Liladi, Mithadi, Bandi and Jojdi. The tributaries of 'Mahi' are Som, Jakham, Anas, Chap, Moren and Iru. Hence the correct code is A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4.

Chambal River (ancient name Charmanyavati or Kamdhenu) is the only year-round perennial river of Rajasthan. It originates from Janapav hills near Mhow in MP and enters Rajasthan near Chaurasigarh. It flows through Kota, Bundi, Sawai Madhopur, Karauli and Dholpur and forms the inter-state border of Rajasthan and MP. Kalisindh, Parvati, Mej, Bamni are its main tributaries. Statement D is incorrect because Chambal River joins Yamuna River near Etawah (Muradganj) in Uttar Pradesh and its waters ultimately reach the Bay of Bengal and not the Arabian Sea. Hence only A, B and C are correct.

The rivers of western Rajasthan flow only for some time during the rainy season. Due to extreme heat, low rainfall and sandy surface, these rivers cannot be perennial, rather they are seasonal and short-lived. Many of these rivers end up in sand dunes (like Kantli, Kakani). Statement C is completely false because apart from Chambal, no river in Rajasthan is completely perennial. Statements A, B and D are actual characteristics of the drainage of Western Rajasthan. Hence option A is the correct answer.

Luni River (ancient name Lavanvati or Sagarmati) originates from Nag Pahar located in Ajmer district. After this, it flows through Ajmer, Nagaur, Jodhpur, Pali, Barmer, Balotra and Jalore areas and finally merges in the Rann of Kutch in Gujarat. The most unique geographical feature of this river is that from Ajmer to Balotra (about 100 km) its water remains sweet, but after Balotra its water becomes highly saline (saline) due to excess of salts in the soil and percolation. It has many tributaries like Jawai, Sukdi, Bandi, Jojdi.

Silisedh Lake is a very picturesque freshwater lake located not in Bharatpur but in Alwar district of Rajasthan. On the banks of this lake, Maharaja Vinay Singh of Alwar had built a grand palace (Shahi Lake Palace) and hunter lodge for his queen Sheela in 1845 AD. This lake is also called 'Nandan Kanan of Rajasthan'. Kavod Lake is a salt water lake located in Jaisalmer. Dhebar Lake (Jaisamand) is the largest freshwater artificial lake of Rajasthan which is now located in the new district Salumber. Kaylana Lake is situated in Jodhpur. Hence option C is mismatched.

The rivers of Rajasthan have specific nicknames: 'Mahi River' is called Ganga of Kanthal, Golden Line of Vagad and Ganga of the tribals. 'Banas River' has been called Varnasha or 'Hope of the Forest' in ancient texts. 'Ruparel River' (Alwar-Bharatpur) is known as Laswari River or Varah River. 'Kakney/Kakni River' (Jaisalmer) is called 'Masoordi River' in the local language which forms Bhuj Lake. Hence the correct code is A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4.

Banas River is the longest river flowing completely in Rajasthan. It originates from Khamnor hills (Rajsamand). It flows through Rajsamand, Chittorgarh, Bhilwara, Tonk and Sawai Madhopur and joins Chambal near Rameshwaram (Sawai Madhopur). Kothari, Khari, Mansi, Bandi, Dhundh and Morel are found on the left bank of Banas, while Bedach (Ayad), Menal and Wagan are found on the right bank. Triveni Sangam of Banas, Bedach and Menal is formed near Mandalgarh. Statement D is incorrect because Banas is a tributary of Chambal and its waters drain into the Bay of Bengal. Hence only A, B and C are correct.

All the tributaries of Luni river (like Jawai, Sukdi, Bandi, Mithadi, Lildi, Sagi) originate from the western slopes of Aravali (Pali, Sirohi, Jalore) and all of them join Luni on the left bank. 'Jojari River' is the only exception tributary of Luni which does not originate from Aravalli but from the hills of Pondlu village of Nagaur district and it joins Luni from the right bank near Jodhpur. Hence option B is the correct answer.

The origin places of the rivers of Rajasthan are as follows: 'Banas River' originates from the hills of Khamnor (Rajsamand). 'Sabi River' originates from Sewar Hills (Jaipur) and flows towards Gurugram (Pataudi) in Haryana. 'Kantli River' originates from the hills of Khandela (Sikar) and flows into Shekhawati and nourishes the Ganeshwar civilization. 'Kakni River' originates from Kotri village (Jaisalmer) and forms the freshwater Bhuj Lake. Hence the correct match is A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4.

Mahi river is the lifeline of southern Rajasthan. It originates from Mehd Lake of MP and enters Khandu village (Banswara) of Rajasthan. It flows through Banswara, Pratapgarh and Dungarpur and falls into the Gulf of Khambhat (Arabian Sea) through Mahisagar district of Gujarat. It is a river that crosses the Tropic of Cancer (23.5° N) twice. Statement D is false because Bedach (Ayad) river is a tributary of Banas and not of Mahi. The main tributaries of Mahi are Som, Jakham, Anas, Chap and Iru. Hence only A, B and C are correct.

Sambhar Lake is the largest inland salt water lake of India. It is a natural internal drainage basin in which four major rivers come from all sides and deposit their water and salts: (1) Mentha (Manthai) River - which comes from the north (from Jaipur/Sikar) and brings most of the salt to the lake, (2) Rupangarh River - which comes from the south (from Salemabad in Ajmer), (3) Khari River, and (4) Khandela River. The Bedach, Kantli and Jojdi rivers do not fall into the Sambhar basin. Hence option A is the correct answer.

A total of four huge dams have been built in three phases under the Chambal River Valley Project. Their correct order in the direction of flow (northwards) from the origin of the river (Madhya Pradesh) is as follows: (1) Gandhi Sagar Dam - Mandsaur/Bhanpura (Madhya Pradesh, first phase 1960), (2) Rana Pratap Sagar Dam - Rawatbhata (Chittorgarh, second phase 1970 - dam with the highest water storage capacity of Rajasthan), (3) Jawahar Sagar Dam - Borabas (Kota-Bundi border, third phase) 1972 – Pick-up Dam), and (4) Kota Barrage – near Kota city (first phase 1960 – built only for irrigation and canals). Hence option B is the correct sequence.

The location of major lakes of Rajasthan is as follows: 'Gab Sagar Lake' (Edward Sagar) is located in Dungarpur district where Badal Mahal and Vijay Rajarajeshwar Temple are located. 'Kolayat Lake' is a sacred natural lake located in Bikaner district where Maharishi Kapil Muni's ashram is located and a fair is held on Kartik Purnima. 'Siliserh Lake' is situated amidst the Aravalli Hills in Alwar district. 'Talabshahi Lake' is a historically beautiful reservoir located near Bari in Dholpur district which was built by Mansabdar Saleh Khan of Shahjahan. Hence the correct code is A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4.

Pachpadra Lake (now in the newly formed Balotra district) is the most saline and high quality salt producing lake of Rajasthan. The salt here contains up to 98% pure sodium chloride, which makes it the best edible salt in India. Here the local Kharwal caste families prepare salt crystals from natural evaporation by placing branches of Morli bush in aerated beds. Statement C is false because Pachpadra is an extremely brackish water lake, not a fresh water one (the largest fresh water natural lake of Rajasthan is Pushkar and the largest artificial lake is Jaisamand). Hence only A, B and D are correct.

Shallow, flat-bottomed seasonal saline lakes formed in wind deflation basins in desert and arid regions are called 'Playa' in geomorphology. Kavod (Jaisalmer), Phalodi, Bap (Jodhpur), Pokaran, Lunkaransar etc. brackish lakes in the Thar Desert of western Rajasthan are excellent examples of typical playa landforms. When they are filled with rain water, they are called 'run' or 'taat', and when they dry, a crust of salts accumulates. Hence option C is the correct answer.

Indira Gandhi Canal Project (formerly Rajasthan Canal) is called the 'lifeline' and 'Maruganga' of the Thar Desert. This project was conceived by the renowned engineer Kanwar Sen in 1948. It originates from the left side of 'Harike Barrage' located at the confluence of Sutlej and Beas rivers in Punjab. The total length of the project is 649 km (which includes 204 km long Rajasthan Feeder Canal and 445 km long main canal). On 2 November 1984, it was renamed Indira Gandhi Canal Project.

Due to high surface level in the eastern part of Indira Gandhi Canal, 7 major lift canals have been built to lift the water: (1) Veer Tejaji Lift Canal (smallest) - Bangadsar area (Bikaner); (2) Guru Jambheshwar Lift Canal – Phalodi area (Jodhpur, Bikaner, Jaisalmer); (3) Dr. Karni Singh Lift Canal - Kolayat area (Bikaner, Jodhpur); (4) Jayanarayan Vyas Lift Canal – Pokaran area (Jaisalmer, Jodhpur). Apart from this, Chaudhary Kumbharam (Nohar-Sahwa), Kanwar Sen (Bikaner-Lunkaransar) and Pannalal Barupal (Gajner) are other lift canals. Hence option A is the correct answer.

Due to the general slope of the western (right) bank of Indira Gandhi Canal being naturally steep, most of the 8 branches (Suratgarh, Anupgarh, Poongal, Dataud, Birsalpur, Charanwala, Shaheed Birbal, Sagarmal Gopa) have been taken out from the right side by gravity flow (Flow system). 'Rawatsar Branch' (Hanumangarh District) is the only branch canal which is taken out from the left bank of the main canal, because the surface here is lower than the main canal and the water flows directly without any lift. Hence option C is the correct answer.

Chambal Project, started in 1953-54, is a joint project of Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh in which the share of both the states is 50:50 percent. Under this, four dams have been built whose total power generation capacity is 386 MW (Gandhi Sagar 115 MW, Rana Pratap Sagar 172 MW, Jawahar Sagar 99 MW). Gandhi Sagar is in MP and the other three are in Rajasthan. Statement D is incorrect because 'Kota Barrage' does not produce any type of hydro-electricity; It has been constructed only for irrigation and water distribution in canals (right and left main canal). Hence only A, B and C are correct.

Sidhmukh-Nohar Irrigation Project has been built on the basis of the agreement signed between Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan in December 1981 for the use of surplus water of Ravi-Beas rivers. The foundation stone of this project was laid by former Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi in 1989 and it was inaugurated in 2002. This project irrigates Nohar and Bhadra tehsils of Hanumangarh district and Taranagar and Sadulpur (Rajgarh) tehsils of Churu district. This project was provided financial assistance by the European Economic Community (EEC) and NABARD.

The participation of major inter-state river valley projects of Rajasthan is as follows: 'Bhakra-Nangal Project' is a joint project of Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan (share 15.22%). 'Chambal Project' is a joint project of Rajasthan (50%) and Madhya Pradesh (50%). 'Mahi Bajaj Sagar Project' is a joint project of Rajasthan (45%) and Gujarat (55%) (Rajasthan gets 100% of the power). 'Vyas Project' is a joint project of Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan in which Dehar and Pong dams are built. Hence the correct code is A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4.

A total of 8 lift schemes have been made in Hadoti region of Rajasthan on the Right Main Canal of Chambal Project which goes from Kota to Madhya Pradesh. Of these, 2 lift canals (Digod and Jalipura) are located in Kota district, while the remaining 6 lift canals (Pachel, Kachari, Ganeshganj, Sorkhand, Anta Lift and Anta Minor) are located in Baran district. Statement C is incorrect because Ganeshganj Lift Canal is in Baran district, not Bundi (Irrigation is done by direct gravity flow from the left main canal in Bundi). Hence only A, B and D are correct.

Pannalal Barupal Lift Canal (formerly Gajner Lift Canal) supplies water to Bikaner and Nagaur districts from the Indira Gandhi Canal. Due to excessive concentration of fluoride in Banka Patti (Kubad Patti) of Nagaur district, there was a serious problem of fluorosis disease among the villagers. For its permanent solution, pure Himalayan sweet water is being provided from the Pannalal Barupal Lift Canal to the 'Zyal Di-Fluoride Drinking Water Project' started by the State Government. Hence option B is the correct answer.

The status of major medium projects of Rajasthan is as follows: 'Meja Dam' is built on the Kothari River in Mandalgarh of Bhilwara district, on whose banks Meja Park (Green Mount) is developed. The 'Som-Kamala-Amba Project' irrigates the tribal area of ​​Dungarpur and Udaipur. 'Morel Dam' is Asia's largest raw earth dam situated on the Morel River near Lalsot in Dausa district. 'Jakham Dam' is the highest dam of Rajasthan (height 81 meters) located on the Jakham River at Anuppura in Pratapgarh district. Hence the correct code is A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4.

The Narmada Canal Project is a 458 km long canal constructed from the Sardar Sarovar Dam in Gujarat, which enters Rajasthan from Seelu village in Jalore district. It irrigates the extremely dry areas of Jalore (Sanchor) and Barmer districts of Rajasthan. The most unique and historic feature of this project in India is that 'Sprinkler and Drip Irrigation System' has been made mandatory for the farmers in its entire command area (about 2.46 lakh hectares). This saves 40-50% water. Hence option B is the correct answer.

The Modified Parvati-Kalisindh-Chambal (PKC-ERCP) Link Project is the most ambitious inter-basin water transfer project of Rajasthan. Under the historic agreement between the Central Government, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh, the surplus water of Chambal sub-basins will be sent through the East Rajasthan Canal Project (ERCP) to 17 districts (Jhalawar, Baran, Kota, Bundi, Sawai Madhopur, Karauli, Dholpur, Bharatpur, Dausa, Jaipur, Alwar, Tonk, Ajmer etc.) for drinking water and new irrigation of 2.5 lakh hectares. Navanera Barrage and Isarda Dam are its main components. Statement D is false. Hence only A, B and C are correct.

The largest dam made of earth in Rajasthan is 'Panchna Dam' which is located near Gudha village of Karauli district. This is a kutcha dam built with the financial cooperation of America at the confluence of 5 local rivers - Bhadravati, Barkheda, Ata, Machi and Bhainsavat. Morel Dam (Dausa) is also a huge kutcha dam, but Panchna Dam is considered to be the most prominent and famous earthen dam of Rajasthan. Bisalpur Dam is a concrete gravity dam and Jawai Dam built with granite stones is called 'Amrit Sarovar of Marwar'.

The district wise distribution of traditional water sources of Rajasthan is as follows: 'Padmini Pond', 'Vanakiya' and 'Muraliya Pond' are located in Chittorgarh fort and district. 'Kirti Mori', 'Barda' and 'Hindoli Talab' are located in Bundi district. 'Sukhsagar', 'Kalasagar' and 'Jangli Talab' are located in Sawai Madhopur. 'Hemawas Pond' and 'Dantiwada Pond' are situated on the Bandi River in Pali district. Hence the correct match is A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4.

Parvati River is a major right tributary of Chambal. It originates from Sehore district of Madhya Pradesh. It enters Baran district of Rajasthan and merges with Chambal river near Palia village of Sawai Madhopur district, forming the border of Baran and Kota. Major tributaries of this river include Andheri, Retri, Aheli, Kul, Lasi and Barni rivers, which enrich the drainage system of Hadoti region. Hence all four statements are completely true.

The distribution of traditional soils according to the geographical structure in Rajasthan is as follows: 'Alluvial soil' is the most fertile soil formed by the deposits of rivers in the plain districts of eastern Rajasthan (Bharatpur, Dholpur, Jaipur, Dausa). 'Medium black soil' formed by erosion of basalt lava in the plateau districts of Hadoti (Kota, Bundi, Jhalawar, Baran) is ideal for cotton and soybean. 'Red-loamy soil' is formed from ancient metamorphic rocks in southern Rajasthan (Dungarpur, Banswara, Udaipur) in which iron content is predominant and maize is cultivated. 'Brown sandy soil' is found in about 36,000 sq km in semi-arid western districts (Barmer, Jodhpur, Pali). Hence the correct code is A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4.

The chemical properties of different soils of Rajasthan depend on their parent rocks. Mixed red-black soil is found in Banswara, Chittorgarh, Dungarpur; It is rich in clay soil and potash, but has less nitrogen and phosphorus. Laterite soil is found in Dungarpur and Udaipur, whose red color is due to iron elements. Statement C is false because in red-yellow soil (Sawai Madhopur, Sirohi, Bhilwara) there is extreme 'deficiency' (absence) of lime, nitrogen and organic humus elements, not abundance. Hence only A, B and D are correct.

According to the scientific method (USDA soil taxonomy), the soils of Rajasthan have been classified into 5 major orders: (1) Aridisols – dry and semi-arid desert soils; (2) Entisols – yellow-brown sandy immature soil which is most widespread in western Rajasthan; (3) Alfisols – mature alluvial soils of the eastern plains; (4) Vertisols - Black clay soil of Hadoti with excessive contraction and expansion; And (5) Inceptisols – moist soils found in the hill slopes and sub-humid parts of Aravali. Hence option B is the correct answer.

According to scientific classification, the regional distribution of soils is as follows: 'Eridisols' are found in dry climate in Churu, Sikar, Jhunjhunu, Nagaur, Jodhpur. 'Inceptisols' is found in the hilly areas of Sirohi (Mount Abu), Pali, Rajsamand, Udaipur and Bhilwara. 'Alfisols' are found in Jaipur, Alwar, Bharatpur, Dausa, Tonk of eastern Rajasthan. 'Vertisols' are widespread in the Deccan Lava region of Hadoti, Kota, Bundi, Baran, Jhalawar. Hence the correct match is A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4.

The soils of the state have been divided into 14 specific scientific groups by the Rajasthan Agriculture Department. Among these, 'Gypsiferous soil' (which has a heavy layer of gypsum) is mainly found in Bikaner district. 'Raverina soil' and 'Serozem soil' are found in Sriganganagar and Anupgarh districts which are formed from the alluvial sediments of Ghaggar river. 'Grey-brown alluvial soil' predominates in Jalore and Pali districts. Hence option A is the correct answer.

Soil erosion in Rajasthan is called 'creeping death'. Due to dry climate and sandy surface devoid of vegetation, wind erosion is highest in western Rajasthan (Jaisalmer, Barmer, Bikaner). In south-eastern Rajasthan, lakhs of hectares of land in Kota, Sawai Madhopur, Karauli and Dholpur have been transformed into ravines due to heavy channel erosion by the Chambal River. Statement D is false because tree planting (shelter belts) is the most effective way to prevent wind erosion by slowing down the wind speed. Hence only A, B and C are correct.

The Government of Rajasthan announced its first 'Rajasthan State Environment Policy' in February 2010. Rajasthan became the first state in the country to implement environmental policy in accordance with the National Environment Policy 2006 of the Government of India. The main objective of this policy was sustainable development, conservation of water-forest-land, maintaining ecological balance and stopping the spread of desertification. Along with this, the state's first climate change action plan and forest policy was also brought in 2010.

The Government of Rajasthan had issued the 'First Eco-Tourism Policy' in the year 2010 to promote eco-tourism in the state. Under this policy, 10 major ecological sites were selected and the Forest Department was made the nodal agency. After this, with the aim of further strengthening the existing ecological needs, trekking routes, home-stays and bio-diversity conservation, the Government of Rajasthan has implemented 'New Eco-Tourism Policy 2021' in July 2021. Hence the first policy came in the year 2010.

Administratively, the forests of Rajasthan are classified into three categories: (1) Reserved forests (37.05%) – completely restricted, most in Udaipur district; (2) Reserved/protected forests (56.49%) – with limited exemption, most in Baran district; (3) Unclassified forests (6.46%) – Open forests, most in Bikaner district. Statement D is false because the maximum extent of reserved forests is in Udaipur district and not in Barmer-Jaisalmer. Hence only A, B and C are correct.

The plant composition of the forest types of Rajasthan is as follows: 'Dhaunk forests' are the most extensive forests in Rajasthan (about 58% forest area) whose main tree is Anoecius pendula. 'Subtropical evergreen forests' are found only in Mount Abu in an area with rainfall of more than 150 cm where the extremely rare Dikptera abuensis, jamun and bamboo are found. 'Thorny forests' are found in the western desert in the form of Khejri, Rohira, Ber, Thor. 'Teak forests' are found in the southern districts (Banswara, Dungarpur, Pratapgarh) in the area with 75-110 cm rainfall. Hence the correct code is A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4.

The geographical distribution of forests in Rajasthan is highly uneven. The highest recorded forest area and forest cover in the state is found in 'Udaipur' district (4161.92 square km). After this comes Alwar, Pratapgarh and Baran districts. On the other hand, the least forest area in the state is found in 'Churu' district (only 79.92 sq km) followed by Hanumangarh and Jodhpur. In terms of percentage, maximum forests are in Udaipur and minimum in Jodhpur/Churu. Hence option A is the correct answer.

According to ISFR 2021 and State Forest Report, the total recorded forest area of ​​Rajasthan is 32,863 sq km, which is 9.60% of the total geographical area (while the actual forest cover is 4.87% and tree cover is 2.56%). The most dense forests in the state are found in Alwar district and the highest bush area is recorded in Pali district. Statement D is completely false because the total forest cover of Rajasthan is not 19.5% but 9.6% (recorded) and this is much less than the national target (33%). Hence only A, B and C are correct.

Dicaptera abuensis is a very rare and endangered plant species which is found in the whole world only in the high mountain hills of Mount Abu located in Sirohi district of Rajasthan. This species is part of the 'subtropical montane evergreen forests' of Mount Abu. These forests cover less than 1% (about 0.39%) of the total forest area of ​​Rajasthan where the annual rainfall is more than 150 cm. Hence option A is the correct answer.

The regional distribution of forest products of Rajasthan is as follows: 'Teak wood' is concentrated in Banswara, Dungarpur, Chittorgarh in southern Rajasthan. 'Tendu leaf' (which is used in manufacturing beedis and was nationalized in 1974) is found in abundance in Jhalawar, Kota, Baran of Hadoti. 'Khas grass' (for perfume and cooling) is found in Bharatpur, Sawai Madhopur and Tonk of eastern Rajasthan. 'Mahua' is collected for manufacturing liquor and oil in southern tribal dominated districts (Dungarpur, Banswara, Udaipur). Hence the correct code is A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4.

Many nutritious grasses are found in the dry ecosystem of western Rajasthan. Sevan Grass is widespread in the underground water belt (Lathi Series) of Jaisalmer and is the refuge of the state bird Godavan. Dhaman and Karad grass contain high protein which increases milk production in cattle. Murat grows in harsh desert conditions. Statement D is false because all these grasses are xerophytic in nature which are adapted to survive even with little rainfall of 10 to 30 cm and extreme drought. Hence only A, B and C are correct.

Khas (Vetiveria zizanioides) is a special type of perennial aromatic grass that grows in alluvial and moist lands. Its main producing areas in Rajasthan are the eastern districts – Sawai Madhopur, Bharatpur and Tonk. Very valuable aromatic oil (vetiver oil) is extracted from the roots of khus, which is used in perfumes, soaps, sherbets, thandai and in traditional Khus-Tattis which keep the rooms cool and fragrant in summers. Hence option B is the correct answer.

In the flora of Rajasthan, Dhaunk is the main root tree of Aravalli, Khejri is the Kalpavriksha of Thar and Guggal is a root medicinal plant. On the other hand, Prosopis juliflora, introduced in the 19th century, and Lantana camara, introduced from tropical America, are highly invasive alien species that have caused significant damage to native plants and pastures. Statement D is false because the state tree of Rajasthan is Khejri (Prosopis cineraria) and not the exotic exotic acacia. Hence only A, B and C are correct.

Mahua (Madhuca longifolia) holds a central place in the economy and culture of the tribal communities of southern Rajasthan (especially the Bhils, Garasia and Damor). Traditional country liquor ('Mokdi') is made from its nutritious flowers and edible and medicinal oil is extracted from its seeds (Dolma). Due to this versatility, Mahua has the status of Kalpavriksha among the tribals. Khejri is called 'Kalpavriksha of Thar', while Rohida is the state flower ('Marushobha') of Rajasthan.

Salar (Boswellia serrata) forests are found on the upper slopes and rocky peaks of the Aravali ranges. It is spread over the districts of Udaipur, Rajsamand, Chittorgarh, Sirohi, Pali, Ajmer, Jaipur and Alwar. Commercial gum is extracted from the stem of salar. Due to its soft and light wood, it is used in tea boxes, fruit-vegetable packing boxes and matchbox industry. Statement D is false because Salar is a tree of mountain slopes, not of desert sand dunes. Hence only A, B and C are correct.

With the objective of increasing forest cover in Rajasthan, improving wildlife habitat and strengthening the livelihood of local communities, 'Rajasthan Forestry and Biodiversity Project' (Phase-I and Phase-II) was conducted with the financial and technical support of Japan Government's agency 'JICA' (Japan International Cooperation Agency). Under this project, large-scale intensive plantation, construction of water harvesting structures and formation of Joint Forest Management Committees were carried out in 10 desert and 5 non-desert districts of the state. Hence option B is the correct answer.

'Van Dhan Yojana' (TRIFED) was started in the year 2015 to reduce the excessive dependence of local tribal people on forests and to provide them profitable livelihood through collection and processing of forest produce (Value Addition). Under this scheme, by setting up Van Dhan Vikas Kendra, tribals are given training and marketing assistance in processing of Mahua, honey, Amla, gum etc. Door-to-door medicine scheme was started in 2021 to distribute medicinal plants. Hence option B is the correct answer.

The first policy for planned development of forests in Rajasthan was announced during the Second Five Year Plan period. After this, an environmental policy was made in 2010 for environmental protection. The state government has released 'Rajasthan Forest Policy 2023' for sustainable increase in forest area and climate adaptation, in which a long-term target has been set to bring 20% ​​of the geographical area of ​​the state under green cover. Statement D is false because the conservation and administrative control of forests is in the hands of the Rajasthan Forest Department and Village Forest Protection Management Committees (Joint Forest Management), and not private companies. Hence only A, B and C are correct.

According to the updated administrative data of Rajasthan Forest Department as on March 31, 2024, the top districts with the highest forest area in the state are respectively: (1) Udaipur - 4,161.92 sq km (1st place), (2) Alwar - 1,786.58 sq km, (3) Pratapgarh - 1,667.78 sq km, and (4) Baran - 2,250.56 sq km (reserved forest) Plurality). Hence the correct descending order of districts is Udaipur > Alwar > Pratapgarh > Baran. The least forest area is in Churu (79.92 sq km) and Hanumangarh.

The Government of Rajasthan had declared a specific wildlife mascot for each district in March 2016: the mascot of 'Jalore' is the bear (due to the Sundhamata Bear Sanctuary); The mascot of 'Jaisalmer' is the state bird Godavan; The mascot of 'Bhilwara' is the national bird peacock; The mascot of 'Ajmer' is the rare Kharmor bird (the mascot of Sawai Madhopur is the tiger). Apart from this, there is Chital of Jaipur, Kurjan of Jodhpur and Blackbuck of Churu. Hence the correct code is A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4.

Biodiversity conservation is done in two major ways: (1) in-situ – conserving organisms in their natural habitat, such as national parks (Ranthambore, Keoladeo), wildlife sanctuaries and conservation reserves; (2) Ex-situ – Keeping endangered species outside their natural habitat in man-made artificial safe environments, such as zoos, biological parks, botanical gardens, gene banks, seed banks, etc. Statement D is incorrect because zoo is ex-situ conservation. Hence only A, B and C are correct.

'Khejri' (Janti/Sami/Kajri), the pride of the Thar Desert, was declared the state tree by the Government of Rajasthan on 31 October 1983. On this day (31 October 1983), the flower of 'Rohira' (marushobha/desert teak), a tree with beautiful yellow-saffron flowers of the desert, was given the status of state flower. In 1981, the state animal 'Chinkara' (wildlife category) and the state bird 'Godavan' were declared as state symbols, while in 2014, 'Camel' was declared as the state animal in the livestock category.

The Godavan (local name Sohan Chidiya, Hukna, Gudhanmer) is the state bird of Rajasthan and a 'Critically Endangered' species on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List. It has three major natural habitats in Rajasthan: (1) National Desert Park (Sevan grassland of Jaisalmer and Barmer), (2) Sorsan grassland (Baran), and (3) Sokhalia region (Ajmer). Captive Breeding Center has been established for Godavan in Ramdevra, Jaisalmer. Hence option A is the correct answer.

In Rajasthan, there are many traditional cottage industries operating on raw material obtained from forests: Tendu leaves are used in the 'beedi industry', the main of which is the Government Mayur Beedi Factory located in Tonk district. 'Handmade paper' is made in Ghosunda (Chittorgarh) and Sanganer (Jaipur). 'Strawboard Industries' is situated in Kota district. 'Wooden toys, puppets and carved furniture' are made from Rohira, Sheesham and Kher wood in Udaipur, Jaipur and Jodhpur. Hence the correct code is A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4.

Keoladeo Ghana (29 sq km) is a world famous bird sanctuary located at the confluence of the Banganga and Gambhir rivers. It is the richest avian breeding ground in Asia where more than 370 species are found. This has been the main stop for Siberian cranes during winter. Here, the 'Encha' grass growing in waterlogged areas gets entangled in the feet of cranes when it becomes very dense and has to be controlled. It was declared a Ramsar site (along with Chilka Lake) in 1981 and a UNESCO heritage site in 1985. Hence all four statements are true.

To avoid excessive transpiration in the dry climate of the Thar Desert, the vegetation shows xerophytic adaptations, with leaves that are small or modified into thorns, stems that are fleshy and roots that are deep. Major shrubs found in western Rajasthan include Kair (Capparis decidua), Aakda (Calotropis), Thor (Euphorbia), Lana, Phog (Calligonum polygonoides - used in raita/medicines), and Arana. Teak, Salar, Tendu are deciduous trees of south-eastern Rajasthan, while deodar-pine are Himalayan vegetation. Hence option A is the correct answer.

There are currently 5 tiger reserves under Project Tiger for the conservation of tigers in Rajasthan: (1) Ranthambore (1973 - 1st in the state), (2) Sariska (1978), (3) Mukandra Hills (2013 - including Darra, Chambal, Jawahar Sagar), (4) Ramgarh Vishdhari (16 May 2022 - 4th in the state), and (5) Dholpur-Karauli (2023 - 5th of the state). Statement C is false because Keoladeo National Park is a bird sanctuary and Ramsar site, there is no tiger project operated here. The first tiger reserve of Rajasthan is Ranthambore (Sawai Madhopur). Hence only A, B and D are correct.

There are currently a total of 5 notified tiger reserves in Rajasthan. These include Ranthambore Tiger Reserve (1973-74) located in Sawai Madhopur, Sariska Tiger Reserve (1978-79) located in Alwar, Mukandra Hills Tiger Reserve (2013) located in Kota-Jhalawar-Chittorgarh, Ramgarh Vishdhari Tiger Reserve (2022) located in Bundi, and Dholpur-Karauli Tiger Reserve (2023). Keoladeo, Talchhapar, Sajjangarh and Sitamata are not tiger reserves. Hence option B is the correct answer.

The largest wildlife sanctuary of Rajasthan is 'National Desert National Park', which is spread over a total area of ​​3162 sq km in Jaisalmer (1900 sq km) and Barmer (1262 sq km). On the other hand, Rajasthan's largest conservation reserve in terms of area is 'Baleshwar Conservation Reserve' (221.69 sq km) located in Neem ka Thana/Sikar district (the second largest is Shahbad Baran - 189.39 sq km). The smallest sanctuary is Sariska-A (3.01 sq km) and the smallest conservation reserve is Rotu Nagaur (0.73 sq km). Hence option A is the correct answer.